International Approaches to Psychosocial Risk Assessment in Healthcare

The article examines international practices of psychosocial risk assessment and management in the healthcare sector. It reviews the theoretical foundations of psychosocial risks, including the Job Demand-Control Model and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. Particular attention is paid to major psychosocial hazards affecting healthcare workers, such as occupational stress, burnout, excessive workload, and emotional labour. The study discusses contemporary psychosocial risk assessment tools, including COPSOQ and ISTAS21, as well as the importance of organizational and individual intervention strategies. The experiences of Spain, France, and Estonia are analyzed and compared to identify effective approaches to psychosocial risk management. The findings demonstrate that successful management of psychosocial risks is based on preventive, systematic, and employee-centered approaches, contributing to the protection of healthcare workers’ health and the improvement of healthcare service quality.