Molecular Heterogeneity of Melanocytic Hyperplasias, Melanocytic Moles (nevi), Markers of Recurrence and Progression
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Melanocytic hyperplasias and nevi represent a heterogeneous spectrum of neural crest–derived lesions encompassing benign, atypical, and potentially progressive entities. Their biological behavior is largely determined by cytologic atypia, immunophenotypic variability, and underlying molecular alterations. A subset of nevi may act as precursor lesions in melanoma development, with progression risk influenced by MAPK pathway mutations (BRAF, NRAS) and immune microenvironmental dysregulation. This critical review summarizes the morphologic and immunohistochemical heterogeneity of melanocytic nevi, emphasizing biomarkers associated with recurrence and progression. Our ongoing research focuses on the comparative immunohistochemical profiling of melanocytic hyperplasias and atypical nevi using key markers (Ki-67, P53, BCL-2, SOX10, CD44, FOXP3) to define diagnostic and prognostic patterns. Such integrative analysis aims to refine early diagnostic criteria and improve preventive strategies for melanoma progression.
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