Atypical hyperplasia of the endocervix - problematic issues related to molecular characteristics of adenocarcinoma, risk of progression and metastasis
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Cervical cancer is considered a multifactorial disease that includes socio-economic, cultural, immunological and epigenetic factors. Tumour precursor lesions, which are the basis for the development of endocervical tumours, have been studied. However, the molecular basis of this process is still under investigation. Unlike squamous cell carcinomas, cervical adenocarcinomas comprise a heterogeneous group of tumours that are not universally associated with HPV infection. These tumours show different morphology, aetiology, and prognosis. It is important to study and deeply analyse the pathogenesis, molecular, and immunohistochemical characteristics of endocervix adenocarcinomas, and precursor lesions associated with them. Studies have shown that tumour stem cells significantly affect the tumour's size, the progression rate, and the regression degree after treatment. Tumour proliferative activity, apoptotic status, and tumour stem cells are thought to be associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance in cervical cancer. All of the above confirms the existence of a complex regulatory mechanism underlying the development and progression of cervical cancer. Therefore, detecting biomarkers for each stage of the disease is necessary to improve the current knowledge and develop methods for early diagnosis and therapy in the future.
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