Problematic issues of phenotypic characteristics and progression characteristics of gastric cancer and precancerous processes
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Gastric carcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Stomach cancer kills many people in the world, so studying its initiation and development is very important. Diagnosing gastric cancer is directly related to timely endoscopic research. However, it is also important that most cases are already in the late stage due to the scarcity of early symptoms. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is represented by different phenotypes, genotypes, complexity of the clinical course and low sensitivity to treatment. The heterogeneity of gastric cancer is due to many factors, which include genetic, environmental and various infectious agents. Most cases of stomach cancer are associated with Helicobacter pylori. Understanding the etiologic, epidemiologic, and various risk factors is essential for the timely diagnosis of gastric cancer and subsequent targeted treatment. Analysing the function of signalling pathways is important for developing personalised medicine. Since a rather heterogeneous genotype and phenotype characterise gastric cancer, it is, therefore, necessary to conduct more studies that include molecular-genetic analysis of cases, as this will help to detect the lesion at an early stage and subsequently manage individual cases better. And improving the patient's quality of life.
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