Phenotypic characteristics of peritoneal tumor implants in ovarian epithelial tumors
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Tumors with borderline ovarian malignancy are characterized by heterogeneity in 80-90% of cases and are characterized by a favorable prognosis, while in 10-20% of cases peritoneal implants are formed and recurrence develops. The presence of peritoneal implants has an uncertain predictive value. According to some authors, they undergo regression and in some cases a long survival period is observed despite the presence of disseminated implants. Implants are also divided into invasive and non-invasive types. Such division may have prognostic value, which is why it is the subject of active study. Cytokines secreted by macrophages induce angiogenesis and evasion of immune surveillance by ovarian tumors, according to recent studies, the frequency of distribution of macrophages in the tubule may indicate the spread of the disease and be associated with more extensive tumor dissemination. The role of the peritoneum in the dissemination of tumor processes is a subject of active study. The development and metastasis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma is associated with fibrosis, which is one of the driving forces in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. That is why the deciphering of the regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in epithelial squamous cell carcinoma is needed for the development of new therapies to eliminate metastatic spread and, of course, to improve the survival rate of patients. Therefore, the correct identification of peritoneal implants is an important factor. Although there are histological criteria for distinguishing between invasive and noninvasive implants, their differentiation can be difficult. Furthermore, little is known about the molecular-genetic basis of implants. This issue requires additional studies to correctly determine the diagnosis, treatment method and prognosis.
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