Abstract
This paper discusses issues related to the problem of solar radiation. The possible consequences of irradiation with ultraviolet, visible and infrared areas of skin irradiation are considered. Based on literature data, the possibility of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is shown as one of the main risk factors for a number of human skin diseases. It should be noted that UV radiation can penetrate deeply into the epidermis and dermis, causing degradation of collagen and elastin fibers, and this is the main cause of oncological diseases such as melanoma, associated with DNA mutation, suppression of the antitumor immune response and increased skin inflammation. Sunburn is associated with a risk of melanoma, basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas.Visible light is the result of a number of skin diseases Solar urticaria, Porphyrias like acute and cutaneous porphyrias. It should be noted that one type of porphyria is a consequence of chronic inflammation of the liver and iron overload of the liver; chronic actinic dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus, melasma and skin aging are also associated with the visible light. Disturbances in the nature of the skin condition are also recorded when they are exposed to the infrared (760–5000 nm) part of the solar spectrum. Even with weak irradiation with single or fairly small repeated doses of infrared radiation, free radicals appear. This paper describes the influence of components of the solar spectrum on the human body. Based on the literature review, the appearance and composition of the skin is affected by all three types of solar radiation - ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 100 to 400 nm, the visible region 400-760 nm and the near-infrared region 760 nm and above. All these types of radiation can cause not only sunburn, but also the possibility of cancer, skin aging and a number of other skin diseases. There are no universal means of protection. Apparently, given this fact and possible damage to the body, it is necessary to intensify scientific research on the development of external means of protection (ointments, creams, lotions, etc.) using substances of plant and natural origin with a low degree of toxicity.
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