The Anatomical Structure of Aboveground Vegetative Organs of Solanum Persicum Willd. ex Roem. et Schult.

The anatomical structure of Solanum persicum’s from Georgia’s flora aboveground vegetative organs was studied using microtechnic methods, identifying key diagnostic markers for its medicinal potential. Shoot internodes bear unicellular conical/hooked trichomes, with linear/angular basal epidermal cells. Cortex parenchyma cells exhibit sclerotization. Phloem fibers have small, thick-walled, oval lumens with blunt inner edges. The monocyclic vascular system features a single cylinder of lamina, cambium, and xylem; xylem includes tracheids and vessels with oval/spherical lumens, single-row radial rays, and collenchyma. Tracheid membranes show alternately porous thickening, while vascular vessels have spiral thickenings. Medullary tissue is obliterated, leaving perimedullary polygonal cells.

Leaves are bifacial, dorsoventral, and amphistomatic, densely covered with conical bristles and spherical-headed glandular trichomes on both surfaces. Adaxial/abaxial epidermal cells have curved, non-segmented walls. Stomata include anomocytic and anisocytic types, with evenly thickened guard cells and gramineous pores. Leaf vascular tissue is reverse-collateral; xylem sheaths display spiral thickening.

The petiole is densely covered with variable-length conical bristles and glandular trichomes. Its primary tissue comprises thin-walled polygonal cells with central obliteration. Vascular tissue is reverse-collateral; xylem vessels have oval/angular lumens characterized by differentiation into longitudinal rows, with spiral inner layer thickening.

This detailed anatomical profile highlights structural adaptations and specialized cell/tissue features, providing critical diagnostic criteria for identifying and utilizing S. persicum.