Engineering design approaches and a comparative study of topology optimization tools

In the paper there are presented engineering approaches of generative design, the authors note that the advent of additive manufacturing AM (Additive Manufacturing) reveals the limits of current computer-aided design CAD (Computer Aided Design) systems and, at the same time, emphasizes topology optimization TO (Topology Optimization) and generative design of the potential of GD (Generative Design) tools, that have not been fully exploited until now. In contrast to the traditional approach to design, where designers take a dominant role at each stage of the engineering design process, the paper notes that the introduction of such tools in the product development process leads to simulation design approaches, which implies a significant change in the designer's role. For this purpose, the paper presents a comparison of two different additive manufacturing design methods, namely TO and GD on products obtained using tools. The comparison aims to reflect the evolution of the traditional approach when using TO and GD tools, and to highlight the potential and limitations of these optimization tools when integrated with CAD systems. In addition, this comparative study itself can be a useful and practical source for designers to identify the most suitable approach based on their needs and project resources. A comparative study is conducted by examining a prototype rocker arm and brake pedal design for a Formula Student racing car. Their results, in terms of mechanical performance, show that TO and especially GD tools can be effectively used early in the AM-oriented design process to modify components and make them lighter and stronger.