Proliferative-apoptotic, hormonal receptor, and immune response characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that mainly affects the joints, although extra-articular changes may occur. Pathogenic mechanism of development of rheumatoid arthritis has not been fully studied, which requires further research. Although the synovial membrane is a major target of arthritis, the synovial tissue-specific antigens that may elicit an immune response are virtually unknown. One of the most important reasons for studying the synovial membrane is to identify immunopathological processes that may be used as therapeutic targets and to predict outcomes. The pathological sign of rheumatoid arthritis is bone loss, which is manifested in the reduction of local, periarticular and systemic bone tissue and is the result of osteoclast induction and osteoblast suppression. Whether inflammation or an autoimmune mechanism is the main factor in bone damage is a controversial issue.
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