Age-Dependent Echocardiographic Responses to Graded Exercise in Experimental Rats
Загрузки
Background: Exercise-related cardiac adaptation is influenced by age, and functional responses should be interpreted alongside structural findings. This experimental study examined echocardiographic changes in young, middle-aged, and older male rats exposed to three exercise protocols. Methods: Rats were assigned by age to a control group or treadmill exercise, 40-minute daily swimming with a tail load equal to 2% of body mass, or 60-minute daily swimming with a tail load equal to 4% of body mass. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and 24 hours after the final exercise session. Results: The dissertation reports little change between assessments in control animals. In young and middle-aged rats across the three exercise groups, ejection fraction, stroke volume, left ventricular wall thickness, and end-diastolic volume increased, while end-systolic volume decreased. In older rats, these indices showed a short-term increase followed by a tendency to decline. Complete numerical tables and endpoint-specific p-values are not available in the extracted text, so results are reported descriptively. Conclusions: The source supports an age-dependent pattern of echocardiographic response to repeated exercise, with a less sustained response described in older animals. Confirmation requires the complete dataset and appropriate repeated-measures analysis.
Скачивания
1. Fallen EL, Elliott WC, Gorlin R. Apparatus for study of ventricular function and metabolism in the isolated perfused rat heart. J Appl Physiol. 1967;22(4):836–839.
2. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1–39.e14. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003.
3. Kwak HB, Kim JH, Joshi K, Yeh A, Martinez DA, Lawler JM. Exercise training reduces fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase dysregulation in the aging rat heart. FASEB J. 2011;25(3):1106–1117. doi:10.1096/fj.10-172924.
4. Wright KJ, Thomas MM, Betik AC, Belke D, Hepple RT. Exercise training initiated in late middle age attenuates cardiac fibrosis and advanced glycation end-product accumulation in senescent rats. Exp Gerontol. 2014;50:9–18. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.006.
5. Liao PH, Hsieh DJY, Kuo CH, Day CH, Shen CY, Lai CH, et al. Moderate exercise training attenuates aging-induced cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis injuries of rat hearts. Oncotarget. 2015;6:35383–35394. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6168.
6. Soori R, Arab Amini A, Choobineh S, Eskandari A, Behjat A, Ghram A, et al. Exercise attenuates myocardial fibrosis and increases angiogenesis-related molecules in the myocardium of aged rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022;128(1):1–6. doi:10.1080/13813455.2019.1660370.
7. Fleg JL, Strait J. Age-associated changes in cardiovascular structure and function: a fertile milieu for future disease. Heart Fail Rev. 2012;17(4–5):545–554. doi:10.1007/s10741-011-9270-2.
8. Lakatta EG, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises. Part II: the aging heart in health: links to heart disease. Circulation. 2003;107(2):346–354. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000048893.62841.f7.
9. Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, et al. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2020;18(7):e3000410. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410.
10. Souders CA, Bowers SLK, Baudino TA. Cardiac fibroblast: the renaissance cell. Circ Res. 2009;105(12):1164–1176. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.209809.
11. Lakatta EG, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises. Part I: aging arteries: a “set up” for vascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107(1):139–146. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000048892.83521.58.
12. Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev. 2023;103(3):2271–2319. doi:10.1152/physrev.00021.2022.
13. Pruna M, Ehler E. The intercalated disc: a mechanosensing signalling node in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev. 2020;12:931–946. doi:10.1007/s12551-020-00737-x.
14. Gogiberidze A. Myocardial morpho-functional changes in trained white experimental rats of different ages [dissertation]. Tbilisi: Tbilisi State Medical University; 2023.
Copyright (c) 2026 Georgian Scientists
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование — Без производных произведений») 4.0 Всемирная.
