Abstract
Constipation represents a widely prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent or difficult defecation, incomplete evacuation sensation, and potential risk of intestinal blockage. Its etiology is multifactorial, encompassing nutritional, behavioral, pharmacological, and genetic factors. Despite its high prevalence, constipation’s clearly defined diagnostic criteria and classification remain under discussion within the medical community. Our goal was to study the definitions, risk factors and epidemiological features of constipation. This study is based on publications retrieved from the PubMed database for years 2001-2023. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and population-based studies containing information on constipation’s epidemiological characteristics
and risk factors were used. Constipation demonstrates a relatively higher prevalence among females, with risk increasing notably during pregnancy and with advancing age. Prevalence rates vary between 2% and 35% across different populations. The perception of the condition significantly differs between patients and physicians, complicating diagnostic and management approaches. Moreover, social and economic factors play a substantial role in the disorder’s distribution. Conclusion: Constipation significantly impacts quality of life and may intersect with chronic conditions such as diabetes and pulmonary obstructive disease. Existing data indicate that its prevalence is contingent upon regional, cultural characteristics, and diagnostic criteria variations. Additional
research is imperative to more precisely delineate its exact prevalence and develop targeted preventive measures, particularly within specific age cohorts like young populations.