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Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world. However, the exact cause of high blood pressure is often unknown. Animal models are particularly important in determining the pathogenesis of hypertension and in testing new therapeutic strategies. The aim of the study was to create a less invasive and cost-effective animal model of hypertension. To model arterial hypertension, experiments were carried out on white Wister rats weighing 200.0-250.0 g. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group I - control group (n=10), and II experimental group - 25mg/kg DOCA intraperitonially + 1% NaCl + 0.2% KCl in drinking water for 4 weeks. To assess the development of arterial hypertension, hemodynamic parameters, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, were measured twice a week using the “tail-cuff” method. Morphometric and morphological parameters of the heart were evaluated using electron microscopy of preparations stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Masson-trichrome. Systolic (163.6 ± 15 mmHg) and diastolic (77.9 ± 8 mmHg) blood pressure, as well as heart rate (438.5 ± 25 beats/min), was significantly increased by DOCA injection compared to control animals - 123.0 ± 5 mmHg p<0.05, 60.4 ± 3.0 mmHg p<0.05 and 361.4 ± 24 beats/min p<0.05, respectively. In hypertensive animals, hemodynamic changes were accompanied by blood test changes - ET-1 (41.6 ± 14 pg/ml), TNF-alpha (46.8 ± 17 pg/ml), IL-1 (8.6 ± 1.0 pg/ml) and increased levels of NF-kB (13.6 ± 4 pg/ml) compared to the control group (p<0.001). In correlation with blood pressure indicators, corresponding changes in the structure and tissue composition of the myocardium are recorded. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the use of DOCA and saline solutions with the proposed regimen allows for creation of a sustainable model of arterial hypertension. Compared to other DOCA-salt models of arterial hypertension, the advantage of this method is its technical simplicity and low cost.
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