PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2025.04.11Keywords:
nosocomial pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, extended-spectrum β-lactamasesAbstract
Nosocomial pneumonia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings, despite advancements in preventative measures, technology, and antimicrobial therapies. It is among the most common nosocomial infections in intensive care units and has a substantial impact on healthcare costs, particularly when involving multidrug-resistant pathogens. Identifying the causative agents of this infection is crucial for successful treatment. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is significant as they are associated with multidrug resistance and therefore determine the severity of disease outcome.
We studied the composition of bacteria isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia, identified the most frequent pathogen, and spread ESBLs in these strains. Isolated bacterial species were identified by standardized identification systems. A total of 158 strains of seven bacterial species were identified (P.aeruginosa, A.baumannii, K.pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., S.aureus, S.pneumoniae, and E. coli). Gram-negative bacteria were significantly more prevalent (77.21%) than gram-positive bacteria (22.78%). P.aeruginosa infection was the most common (31.01%). One of the factors determining multidrug resistance, ESBLs, was detected in high frequency in P.aeruginosa strains (93.87%). This result indicates a diverse spectrum of bacteria isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia, in which gram-negative bacteria were the main causative agents. A high frequency of ESBLs was also detected in the most prevalent P.aeruginosa strains. This predominance of gram-negative bacteria underscores their critical role as the main causative agents of nosocomial pneumonia.
Detection of the etiologic agent in patients with nosocomial pneumonia contributes to proper monitoring of the infection and determining the optimal treatment tactics.
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