THE FEATURES OF ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN COVID-19 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT, EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND GLOBAL DEPLOYMENT IN GENERAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2025.04.15Keywords:
COVID-19 vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, efficacy, safety, global equity, emerging variantsAbstract
The rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have marked a historic milestone in medical and pharmaceutical sciences, offering a critical tool to combat the global pandemic. The article synthesizes current knowledge on the diverse vaccine platforms, including mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit, and inactivated vaccines, highlighting their mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles. Were discussed the immunological responses elicited by vaccines, their performance against emerging variants such as Delta and Omicron, and the challenges posed by waning immunity and vaccine hesitancy.
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