Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for Wine Industry Traceability and Recommendation: Current Trends and Research Gaps
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The wine industry faces growing demands for supply chain transparency, product authenticity verification, and consumer-oriented digital services. This paper presents a literature review of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their applications in the wine industry. Drawing on existing research, the study examines the foundational principles of blockchain technology and its deployment in supply chain management, AI-based recommendation systems and their adaptation to wine-food pairing tasks, the digital transformation of the wine industry within Industry 4.0 and 5.0 frameworks, and fuzzy logic-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models for technology evaluation. The review identifies key research gaps, including the limited development of hybrid systems that integrate supply chain traceability with AI-driven recommendations in a unified ecosystem, insufficient application of fuzzy MCDM methods in blockchain platform selection for domain-specific contexts, and the underdevelopment of cross-cultural wine-food pairing models. The analysis demonstrates that the convergence of blockchain and AI technologies offers a promising foundation for the digital transformation of the wine industry, combining supply chain transparency with intelligent, personalized consumer services. Future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the need for integrated hybrid approaches that address the identified gaps.
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