Keywords
embryogenesis
dysgenesis
morphology
anatomy
How to Cite
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the visual system represent a diverse group of pathologies arising from dysgenesis occurring at various stages of embryogenesis. These disorders involve morphological changes in the eyeball, its individual structures (cornea, lens, iris, retina, optic nerve), and accessory ocular organs.
Severe forms include microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and cyclopia, which significantly or completely impair visual function, whereas milder anomalies—such as heterochromia, polycoria, ptosis, congenital cataract, coloboma, aniridia, and others—cause relatively minor visual impairment or may be limited to cosmetic or aesthetic defects.
Early diagnosis and detailed anatomical and morphological knowledge of visual system anomalies are essential for effective clinical management and preservation of visual function.
References
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