A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF HEALTH HAZARDS, TOXICOLOGICAL RISKS, AND REGULATORY GAPS IN COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2025.04.17Keywords:
cosmetics, toxicology, endocrine disruptors, carcinogens, nanotechnology, regulationAbstract
The widespread use of cosmetic and personal care products has introduced a hidden dimension of health risks due to the presence of synthetic and potentially hazardous ingredients. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence on the toxicological and genotoxic effects of chemical constituents commonly found in these products, such as phthalates, parabens, heavy metals, and emerging nanomaterials. The paper also examines age and gender-based usage patterns, the role of chemical mixtures, and recent findings on naturally derived alternatives. Moreover, it highlights the limitations of current regulatory frameworks across global jurisdictions and emphasizes the need for advanced safety assessments, green chemistry principles, and empowered consumer engagement. In doing so, this review outlines a path forward for a safer, more transparent cosmetic industry that prioritizes human and environmental health.
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