ქონა-ყოლა ზმნათა ზმნისწინიანი ფორმების ფლექსიური ანალიზი

Abstract

kona-q’ola (have) verbs are special verbs where the lexical root of the verb is represented according to the category of the possession object: q’ola for animate and kona for inanimate. The possessor actant is an indirect object in the dative case, while the possession object is an intransitive verb's grammatical subject in the nominative case. In these verbs, real and grammatical subjects do not coincide, which often leads to incorrect interpretation of these forms as inversive. These are medio-passive verbs lacking second-series forms.

Generally, kona-q’ola  verbs are non-preverbal, but preverbal forms exist with changed semantics. Preverbal forms are used as interchangeable forms of mot’ana-c’agheba and moq’vana-c’aq’vana (bring-take away) verbs in present series. The flexion of these verbs reveals several peculiarities. Firstly, lexical root substitution occurs, e.g., moitans (he will bring) is moaqvs (he brings) in present, but preverbal forms of kona-q’ola  verbs retain their morphology. In other words, the preverb changes the lexical meaning, making the verb transitive, but the grammatical picture remains unchanged, and no verbal person increase occurs. A significant peculiarity is that within the paradigm, the picture differs even in the first series. In the present tense, momakvs (me is)  (I bring it) - me (I/me) is the indirect object, is (it) is the subject, while in the future tense (in mq’ofadi rows), movitan (me mas) (I will bring it) - me (I) is the subject in nomnative, and mas (it) is the direct object in dative. Noteworthy, that such changes lead to deviations from flexion laws.