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Abstract
Myopia is a rising problem in modern ophthalmology. Its progression and a number of related complications are one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness worldwide. Dependence on smartphones, computers, and other electronic devices makes myopia the leading cause of visual impairment in children. The development of optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) provided a non-invasive method of examining the morphological changes of large and small blood vessels, which allows the examination of the density of the retina and choriocapillaris of near-sighted children in correlation with the axial axis, in order to determine the expected pathological changes developed during myopia. The purpose of the study is to measure the density of retinal layers and choriocapillaris, as well as evaluation of the thickness of these tissues through optical-coherence tomography-angiography and determine its relationship with the anterior-posterior axis of different eye sizes in myopic children. 96 eyes of 48 myopic subjects and 40 eyes of 20 emmetropic volunteers were examined. The spherical equivalent of myopes was greater than -1.0 D. For emmetropes, from +0.5 to 0.5 D; The length of the axial axis is 24.58mm (SD±1.22) and 22.88mm (SD±0.65). Patients aged 7-16, who were also involved in the study, underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Retinal and choriocapillaris density were examined using SS-OCTA DRI Triton. According to the results of the study, the density of superficial retinal blood vessels is lower in myopic eyes than in emmetropic eyes and correlates with the axial axis. In patients with medium and high myopia, the choroid is significantly thinner than in patients with low-grade myopia; Also, there is a decrease in the density of choriocapillaris in patients with moderate and high myopia in the upper and lower segments, but not in the nasal and temporal regions. Obviously, it is very important to carry out long-term observations of such patients in terms of determining microvascular changes in the future.
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