The Dilemma of Developing Military Doctrines for Small States (on the Example of Georgia)

Abstract

The development of military doctrine in small states represents a strategic dilemma shaped by limited resources, geopolitical vulnerability, and the anarchic nature of the international system. In today’s security environment characterized by power asymmetry, hybrid threats, and regional conflicts, small states must design flexible and multi-layered defense strategies. This paper analyzes threat perception, deterrence mechanisms, the development of asymmetric capabilities, and the risks associated with alliance dependency. The theoretical framework draws upon neorealism and regional security complex theory. The research methodology includes comparative analysis and case study approaches. The scientific novelty of the study lies in proposing an integrated model for military doctrine formation in small states, combining domestic resource optimization, technological innovation, and external security guarantees to ensure sustainable national defense and strategic resilience.