LITHOFACIES ANALYSIS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF THE UPPER ALBIAN–LOWER SANTONIAN DEPOSITS OF GEORGIA (PRIMARY DATA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/pajig.2026.137.09Keywords:
CORBs, Turonian, OAE2, red limestone, AnanuriAbstract
Upper Cretaceous marine sediments of western and eastern Georgia were studied using planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy across seven stratigraphic sections spanning the Uppr Albian–Lower Santonian interval. Ten biochronological units were established. Their succession was analyzed in relation to lithological changes, OAE2, post-anoxic recovery, and Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs), providing a basis for regional biostratigraphic correlation.
Downloads
References
Barr F. (1972). Cretaceous Biostratigraphy and Planktonic Foraminifera of Libya. Micropaleontology. Vol. 18. Pp. 1- 46.
Bolli H. (1966). Zonation of Cretaceous to Pliocene Marine Sediments Based on Planktonic Foraminifera. Boletin Informativo Asociacion venezolana de Geologia, Mineria y Petroleo. Vol. 9. Pp. 3-32.
Borsetti A. (1962). Foraminiferi planctonici di una serie Cretacea dei Dintomi di Piobbico (Prov.di Pesaro). Geology Series 2, N 29, pp. 19-75.
Bronnimann P. (1952) Globigerinidae of the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Maestrichtian) of Trinidad, B. W. I. Bulletins of American Paleontology. Vol. 34. N. 140. Pp. 1-70.
Caron, M. (1985). Cretaceous planktic foraminifera. In Plankton Stratigraphy; Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., Perch-Nielsen, K., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. Pp. 17–86.
Coccioni R., Premoli Silva I. (2015). Revised Upper Albian-Maastrichtian planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the classical Tethyan Gubbio section (Italy). Newsletters on Stratigraphy. Stuttgart. Vol. 48 (1). Pp. 47-90.
Dalbiez F. (1955). The genus Globotruncana in Tunisia. Sociéte Nord-Africaine des Pétroles. Vol.1. N. 2. Pp. 161-171.
Douglas R., Rankin C. (1969). Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera from Bornholm Island and their zoogeographic significance. Lethaia. Vol. 2. Pp. 185–217.
Falzoni F., Petrizzo M. (2016). Long-term Late Cretaceous carbon- and oxygen-isotope trends and planktonic foraminiferal turnover: a new record from the southern mid-latitudes. GSA Bulletin. Vol. 128. Pp. 1725-1735.
Gambashidze R. (1979). Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Georgia and adjacent regions of Azerbaijan and Armenia//Proceedings of Geol. Inst. of Acad. of Scie. Georgia, New Series 61. 226 p. (in Russian).
Gamkrelidze, I. (2000). Once More on the Tectonic Zoning of the Territory of Georgia.Proceedings of the Geological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia. New series, (115): 204-208 (in Russian).
Gandolfi R. (1942). Ricerche micropaleontologische e stratigrafchiesulla Scaglia e Sul Flysch Cretacie dei Dintorni di Balerna (Canton Ticino). Riv. Ital. Pal. Strat. Mem., Vol. 48, N. 4. Pp. 1-160
Georgescu M. (2017). Upper Cretaceous planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Studia Universitatis Babes-bolvai. Georgia. Vol.61 (1-2). Pp. 5-20.
Gudjabidze G. (2003). Geological map of Georgia (scale 1:500,000) (Editor I. Gamkrelidze). Georgian state department of geology and National Oil Company „Saqnavtobi“, Tbilisi.
Huber B., Petrizzo M. et al. (2017). Correlation of Turonian con- tinental margin and deep-sea sequences in the subtropi- cal Indian Ocean sediments by integrated planktonic foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy. Newsletters on Stratigraphy. Vol. 50. N. 2. Pp. 141–185.
Jenkyns H. (2010). Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events: Causes And Consequences. Department of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford. Geochemistry of oceanic anoxic events, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. Vol. 11. N3. Pp. 1-30.
Kopaevich L., Bordunov S., et al. (2024). Turonian and Coniacian in the territory of the Eastern Perithetys- biostratigraphy and paleogeography. Moskow University Bulletin Series 4 Geology. N80. Pp. 68-77 (in Russian).
Latipova M., Kopaevich L., et al. (2020). New Data on the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Biyuk-Karasu River Section (Central Crimea). Moscow University. Bulletin Series 4. Geology. Vol. 3. Pp. 349-356.
Li Y., Wang Ch., et al. (2025). Biostratigraphy and Microfacies of Upper Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds in the Northern Tethyan Himalaya: A Case Study from the Zhangguo Section, Gyangze, Southern Tibet, China. Appl. Sci. Vol. 15. Pp. 1-27.
Moorkens L. (1969). Quelques Globotruncanidae et Rotaliporidae du Cenomanian, Turonian et Conia¬cian de la Belgique. Proc. First Internat. Conf. Plankton Mikrofossils. Geneua. Vol. 2. Pp. 435-459
Neuhuber S., Wagreich M. (2011). Geochemistry of Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds — A synthesis. Sedimentary Geology. N 235. Pp. 72–78.
Petrizzo M. (2003). Late Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminiferal Bioevents in The Tethys And In The Southern Ocean Record. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘‘Ardito Desio’’, Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Italy Journal of Foraminiferal Research. Vol. 33. N4. Pp. 330–337.
Petrizzo M., King D., et al. (2024). Planktonic foraminifera in biostratigraphy and biochronology. Newsletters on Stratigraphy. Vol.59 (1-2). Pp. 117-174.
Premoli Silva I., Verga D. (2004). Practical Manual of Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera. International School on Planktonic Foraminifera, 3° Course: Cretaceous. In: VERGA, D. & RET- TORI (eds.): Universities of Perugia and Milan, Tipografia Pontefelicino, Perugia. Italy. 283 p.
Reichel M. (1950). Observations sur les Globotruncana de gisement de la Breggia (Testin). Ecological Geol. Helv., Vol. 42. N. 2. Pp. 596-617.
Robaszynski F., Caron M. (1995). Foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé: commentaire de la zonation Europe-Mèditerranée//Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. Vol. 6. Pp. 681-692.
Robaszynski F., Gonzalez D. (2000). Le Crétacé Supérieur de la région de Ka- laat Senan, Tunisie centrale. Litho-biostratigraphie intégrée zones d’ammonites, de foraminifères planctonique et de nannofossiles du Turonian Supérieur au Maastrichtien. Bull. Centre Rech. Explor.– Prod. Elf Aquitaine. Vol. 22. Pp. 359–490.
Sigal, J. (1955). Notes micropaléontologiques nord-africaines. 1 Du Cénomanien au Santonien: zones et limites en faciès pélagique. Compte Rendus Sommaires des Séances de la Société Géologique de France. Vol. 8. Pp. 157-160.
Song H., et al. (2017). The onset of widespread marine red beds and the evolution of ferruginous oceans. Nature Communications. V. 8. N 399. Pp. 1-7.
Walaszczyk I., et al. (2022). The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Coniacian Stage (Salzgitter-Salder, Germany) and its auxiliary sections (Słupia Nadbrzeżna, central Poland; Střeleč, Czech Republic; and El Rosario, NE Mexico) // Episodes. 2022. Vol. 45, No. 2. P.p. 181–220.
Wang Ch, Hu X, Wagreich M. (2009). Overview of Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs). A Window On Global Oceanic and Climate Change. Stratigraphy, Composition, Origins, and Paleo¬ceano¬graphic and Paleoclimatic Significance. Society for Sedimentary Geology. N 90. Pp. 13–33.
Xu X., Shao L., et al. (2022). Widespread wildfires linked to early Albian Ocean Anoxic Event 1b: evidence from the Fuxin lacustrine basin, NE China. Global and Planetary Changes. Vol. 215. Pp.1-56.
Yilmaz I., et al., (2010). Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2) in the Sakarya Zone, northwestern Turkey: Sedimentological, cyclostratigraphic, and geochemical records. Cretaceous Research. Vol. 31. Pp. 207–226.