On some peculiarities of teaching the formation of nouns denoting property and purpose in Georgian

ანოტაცია

The semantic groups of derived nouns in modern Georgian are distinguished by their diversity, which is first of all conditioned by the existence of derivational affixes, which are rich in their forms and function, as well as the frequency of their distribution. Each affix has its own function and scope of use and the attitude of the language towards them is specific, some of them are used more intensively, while others – relatively less; each group is also distinguished with its contents.

During different periods of a language history, models of word formation change. The frequency of their spread was diverse, as it is today; to define this we have used the “ Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian Language”. During the study of the issue, we focused on main accents, which turned out to be interesting not only in terms of the formation of nouns denoting property and purpose, but also in terms of teaching them.

The group of derived nouns that use express owning or having someone or something, use the suffixes -ian, -ier, -osan, -ovan, -ed, and – a. Majority of the formed nouns are transparent in their structure and their etymological analysis is not difficult. The most lively and active of them is the affix -ian, which is complex in its origin, and which is added to nouns of both Georgian origin and those borrowed from foreign languages; they express not only owning-having objects but also belonging to someone, having a property, consistency.

The possessor or bearer of something is denoted by the -osan affixed nouns, too, some of which are substituted by the -ian suffixed forms in modern Georgian (prtosani – prtiani (with wings),  kalmosani – kalmiani (with a pen), skhivosani – skhiviani (with a light)..,  most of which have become belonging to literary speech.  An opinion that in many of such parallel forms, those with the -osan suffix denote possession of a quality more, rather than having or owning, is also noteworthy.

In many branches of science, the ancient suffix -ed was used to create the terms (grdzedi, (latitude), ganedi (longitude), tolqmedi (equivalent force), ptskaredi(interlieary), ujredi (cell)…), which had a weakened function of word-formation and often had a petrified form.

The understanding of the content of purpose (the same as designation) is associated with the prefix sa-, which, together with the suffixes -e, -o, -ur(-ul), -ar(-al), produces nouns of the aforementioned semantics. Each affix has its function and field of use. Among the affixes that produce nouns of designation, the sa-o confix is ​​the most active. It is attached to simple, derivative, and complex stems of nouns and mainly produces adjectives.

Some derivatives are more productive in the terminological system, in geographical names (Samshvilde, Sairme, Savane, Sabaduri...). Rarely, different derivatives are fixed to the same root, in which case they cause a semantic difference (cases were found in the analytical material), and often they are substantivized. If one of the parallel noun forms designates a specific object, the other is an indicator of purpose and designation: sa-ukun-e (a century)- a period that covers a hundred years; sa-ukun-o – ( eternal, everlasting, constant).

The analytical material has shown that modern Georgian relies on various means when producing nouns of property and purpose, and the language's attitude towards them is specific. The frequency of their use is, to some extent, determined by their relationship to the roots, whether they are of Georgian or foreign origin, stem form, or derivative.