For some issues of translating political neologisms (on material of German and Georgian languages)

Abstract

Global changes in the world (social, economic, industrial, technological, etc.) have a direct impact on the language - the linguistic system and its use. The vocabulary is expanding, some words lose relevance and become archaisms, the semantics of some change or acquire new meanings. New words, borrowings, idiomatic expressions are created. In this regard, the sphere of politics is particularly active, which is constantly being updated, which determines the abundance of neologisms in this direction. Despite the fact that much work has been devoted to the study of neologisms, the study of the essence and nature of neologisms, their lexicographic formation, and the problematic of establishing boundaries between neologisms and occasionalisms is still controversial. In modern German, political neologisms are represented by various parts of speech. The most frequent are nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Structurally, there are both simple and complex forms, two-, three-, and sometimes four-component compounds, the translation of which into Georgian is associated with particular difficulties.

The components of multi-term composites can be a) only German (Sachkrise) b) foreign language and German (Lobyykanzler), c) German and foreign language (Reformchek), only foreign language (Warlogger). In the latter case, English meanings are mainly found, therefore, when translating the above-mentioned units into Georgian, the translator must be extremely well-versed in both German and English.

The study of political neologisms is based on corpora of official texts (charters, conventions, party programs). It is a recognized fact that in the speech of politicians (oral, written) means of linguistic manipulation are actively used, and neologisms play a major role among them.

The study of political neologisms covers the main issues of the problematic of these linguistic units, namely:

1. a) In what cases is a word considered a political neologism?
2. b) Does the newly created structure belong to political neologisms or occasionalisms?
3. c) How long does a new word function as a political neologism?
4. d) Can a borrowed word be considered a political neologism?

When translating political neologisms, the translator relies on the material available in the German and Georgian space - dictionaries of neologisms, collections of political and social vocabulary, online and printed lexicographic literature, etc.

The presented research takes into account the publicly available online dictionary of neologisms created by the Mannheim German Language Institute https:/ /www. owid. de/ docs/neo/start.jsp, in which politically marked lexical items, both simple structure and complex form composites, can be searched, analyzed and translated. The results of the research can form the basis for a German-Georgian dictionary of political neologisms, in which the head word-article will be presented with the corresponding Georgian equivalents.