Translation as a synthesis of cultures in the context of modern theories of translation

Abstract

Translation studies, as one of the multifunctional fields of linguistics, literary studies, stylistics, socio-linguistics and pragmatics, has not a very long history compared to the translation activity. However, it must be said that today it is successfully developing both in Western European countries and America, as well as in Georgia, because this is evidenced by the important opinions of many translation theorists and their empirical experience, which is reflected in their works, and despite the diversity of opinions, everyone agrees that translation is primarily a dialogue between cultures and the translator is given the honorary function of the moderator between two cultures.

 The present paper discusses the opinions of several famous translation theorists of the XXth century, their predecessors, as well as prominent literary figures about what a translation must be, some examples  of the translator's rights and duties are given. The Holy Scriptures,- the Bible and world literature, especially ancient Indian, the facts of the transformation of epics into various modern Indian languages and Georgian, translations of Greek and Latin texts into modern European and Georgian,  ancient Arabic and Persian texts into both modern and Georgian languages are analyzed in the context of modern translation theories. The article also talks about Great Britain at the end of the 19th century, where with the growth of the empire's power, translation lost its function and it was no longer considered one of the means of enriching British culture.

By the middle of the XXth century, a certain number of linguists and translation experts shared the concept of dynamic equivalence of translation, to which  a lot of   textbooks, monographs or studies  were dedicated  to both European and Georgian languages, the essence of which lies in the fact that the pragmatic dimension of translation is focused on  a translator's orientation to the addressee of the translation text and its message.