THE ROLE OF ICE MELTING IN THE RE-EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES UNDER GLOBAL WARMING (A LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2025.04.26Keywords:
global warming, ice melting, infectious diseasesAbstract
The article discusses the public health risks associated with the melting of permafrost as a result of global warming. Pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) have been preserved in ice for thousands of years, and their reactivation is possible as the ice thaws. A notable example of this phenomenon is the 2016 anthrax outbreak in the Yamal Peninsula, which clearly illustrates the resurgence of infection from soil previously trapped under permafrost. The review highlights the viability and infectious potential of giant viruses and spore-forming bacteria. It demonstrates that global warming increases the risk of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, particularly in climate-vulnerable regions. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the necessity of bio safety, preventive strategies, and the adaptation of healthcare systems in response to these emerging threats.
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