Methods of Teaching Fine Arts in Preschool Age

Abstract

  In preschool pedagogy, various teaching methods are used that correspond to the general goals and objectives of teaching. When using them, the age and individual characteristics of children should be taken into account. Traditional teaching methods include: visual, oral, practical. New methods include informational - receptive, reproductive, research, heuristic. The oral or reproductive method is aimed at perceiving and memorizing new, ready-made information. It includes: conversation, story, art historian's story, teacher's example. The heuristic, or partially search method, is a prerequisite for the research method. The above methods are oriented towards cognitive processes, including the identification of the possibilities of fine activity.

The following methods are used in connection with visual activity: visual, oral and game methods. It is impossible to create a work of art without observation and emotion. The observation process is followed by understanding and then the child's activity. When conducting observations, the age of the children should be taken into account.

Children of younger school age easily draw a topic if it is interesting to them and they have experience of seeing it. The topics to be drawn with the little ones should be simple, and the observation process is relatively short. In five-year-old children, observation becomes longer. They are ready for elementary comparisons and generalizations, for answering questions. Children of the older group are prepared to perceive this or that event more consciously and actively. To observe and notice all the changes that the object undergoes in relation to shadow and lighting. The research method was developed in the context of the problem of research on the sensory education of preschool children. The goal of the research method is to help children learn about the outside world through rational and sensitive perception.

Teaching fine and applied arts places great responsibility on the kindergarten teacher. He or she must be well versed in teaching methods for different age groups, which are closely related to the goals and objectives of the education.