Seasonal Dynamics of Solid Marine Debris Along the Batumi Coastline

Abstract

The growing accumulation of marine litter has emerged as a serious global ecological challenge, exerting significant pressure on coastal and marine ecosystems. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the quantitative, morphological, and compositional characteristics of marine debris along a specific section of the Batumi coastline. The research further sought to classify the waste types and determine their primary sources. The study was conducted using the methodology developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for beach macro-litter monitoring (>5 cm) (Methodology, 2016). The surveyed area extended across coastal coordinates from 41°31'24.3"N – 41°32'47.8"E to 41°39'25.7"N – 41°38'33.8"E.

Findings revealed that the dominant categories of waste included plastic, wood, metal, textile, rubber, and organic matter, with plastic comprising the highest proportion—40.6% of the total waste collected. The distribution of other waste types varied significantly across seasons. The primary sources of pollution were identified as urban runoff, polluted rivers, tourism-related activities, and transit transportation.

This study underscores the substantial ecological and socio-economic impacts of marine debris, particularly its detrimental effects on tourism and fisheries. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated coastal zone management strategies and transboundary environmental cooperation, offering an evidence-based foundation for sustainable marine and coastal ecosystem protection in the Black Sea region.