Analysis of Selected Parameters of Bottled Water in Poland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/idw.2025.01საკვანძო სიტყვები:
microbiological analysis of water, physicochemical analysis of water, UV-VIS, bottled water, biofilmანოტაცია
Water is essential for life. People use it in almost every aspect of their lives. Bottled water available on the market for consumption should be free from dangerous microorganisms and have a stable chemical composition.
The presented study aimed to observe changes in selected water quality parameters in various conditions after opening a bottle of water. Four types of bottled water with different degrees of mineralization and carbon dioxide saturation were analyzed. The studies were performed according to the standards and procedures: PN-ISO 6059: 1999, PN-ISO 6332: 2001, PN-ISO 7150-1: 2002, PN-EN ISO 10523: 2012, PN-EN ISO 6222: 2004, Method 8149 – 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol PAN Method.
A microbiological analysis was carried out in terms of the total number of microorganisms at a temperature of 22˚C at different time intervals after opening the bottle. The analysis of statistical tests allowed for a comparison of different types of water in terms of its resistance to secondary microbiological contamination after opening the bottle, as well as for the formulation of conclusions regarding the time of storage of water in an open bottle, after which the water does not meet the quality requirements in the analyzed range.
The tested waters were also subjected to physicochemical analysis. The total content of calcium and magnesium was determined using the titration method with EDTA, ammonium nitrogen, manganese and iron using the spectrometric method, pH was measured to check the water quality and whether the tested water meets the requirements contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 31 March 2011 on natural, spring waters and table waters (Journal of Laws 01.85.466). The determined physicochemical parameters of selected bottled waters were intended to characterize and determine differences in the chemical composition of these waters and to demonstrate. The obtained test results were subjected to statistical analysis, calculating the arithmetic mean, median, dispersion, standard deviation and relative standard deviation. The conducted water analysis was compared with the results obtained for tap water in Tarnow, which were made available by Tarnowskie Wodociągi Spółka z o.o.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
წყაროები
Bodora S (2016).: Physico-chemical studies of mineral waters of Krynica Zdrój (part I). Physical studies , Research, no. 5, pp. 36-40.
Brzozowska A., Gawęcki J (2008).: Water in nutrition and its sources , Publishing House of the University of Life Sciences, Poznań
Cłapa T., Selwet M., Narożna D (2016).: Life in the community – conditions for biofilm formation , Kosmos - Problems of Biological Sciences, vol. 65, no. 3 (312), pp. 463-468
Cybulska K., Krzyśko-Łupicka T (2018).: Microbiological contamination in water – from source to bottle , General Conference of the Polish Chamber of Commerce "Bottling Industry", No. 1 (55), pp. 9-12.
Czyżerwska-Dors E., Dors A., Pomorska-Mól M (2018).: Properties of bacterial biofilm determining antibiotic resistance and methods of its control , Życie zachodnie, 93(11), pp. 765-771.
Derkowska-Sitarz M., Adamczyk-Lorenc A (2008).: The influence of minerals dissolved in drinking water on the human body , Scientific Works of the Institute of Mining, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, no. 123, pp. 39-48.
Flis K., Konaszewska W. (1986): Basics of human nutrition, WSiP, Warsaw, 20.
Gajowiak R., Molska R (2012).: Nutrition standards for the Polish population – amendment, edited by prof. dr hab. med. Jarosz M., Institute of Food and Nutrition, Warsaw
Gratkowska-Żmuda D (2017).: Analysis of chemical stability of bottled spring water "Iwoniczanka ", Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, pp. 143-150.
Gratkowska-Żmuda D (2019A).: The role of water in human life and health , General Conference of the National Chamber of Commerce "Bottling Industry", Wysowa Zdój Health Resort, No. 2 (58), pp. 6-8.
Gratkowska-Żmuda D ( 2019B) .: Indicator microorganisms in the monitoring system of the quality of water intended for consumption, including bottled water, natural mineral water, spring water and table water, National Chamber of Commerce "Bottling Industry", Warsaw
Hermanowicz W., Dojlido J., Dożańska W., Koziorowski B., Zerbe J (1999).: Physico-chemical examination of water and sewage , Arkady, Warsaw
Hoffman M., Jędrzejczyk H (2004).: Role in food processing, human nutrition and health. Part I Natural mineral and spring waters . Food processing technology, 13-17.
Kołwzan B (2011).: Analysis of the biofilm phenomenon – conditions of its formation and functioning , Environmental Protection, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 3-14.
Liu S., Gunawan C., Barraud N., Rice S., A., Harry E., J., Rose Amal R (2016): Understanding, Monitoring, Controlling Biofilm Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems, Environmental Scence&Technology, 50(17), pp. 8954-8976.
Macioszczyk A., Dobrzyński D (2002).: Hydrogeochemistry. Zone of active groundwater exchange, PWN Scientific Publishing House, Warsaw
Szczotko M (2007).: Biofilm – a short description of microbiological growths associated with water installations intended for human consumption, Roczn. PZH, 58, no. 4, pp. 667-675.
Szczotko M (2019), ABC of the problem of secondary microbiological contamination in installations , National Institute of Public Health
Szczotko M., Krogulska B., Krogulski A (2008).: Development of a method for assessing the susceptibility of materials in contact with water intended for consumption to the formation of microbiological fouling , Roczn. PZH, 59, no. 1, pp. 103-111.
Świderska-Bróż M (2012).: The effects of biofilm presence in water distribution systems intended for human consumption, Environmental protection, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 9-14.
Włodyka-Bergier A., Bergier T., Gajewska D., Stańkowska E (2019).: ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BOTTLED WATERS AVAILABLE ON THE POLISH MARKET, Infrastruktura i ekologia terenu wiejskie, no. 2, pp. 119-130.
Wojtaszek T (2006).: Preventive and health-promoting effects of mineral waters, Polish Magnesium Society, 11(1), pp. 119-126
ჩამოტვირთვები
გამოქვეყნებული
როგორ უნდა ციტირება
გამოცემა
სექცია
