Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors in the Development of Geodynamical Processes in Racha
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/ggj.2022.753Keywords:
Geodynamical processes, erosion, landslide, mudflow, RachaAbstract
The work describes and assesses the main physical-geographical and anthropogenic factors in the development and characteristic activation of geodynamic processes in Racha. The morphometric (hypsometric, mountain sloping, slope aspect) values are calculated and described. The paper also touches on the quantitative data that give the characteristics of the relief, climate, soil and vegetation cover and influence the development and activation of geodynamical processes. For studying the tasks mentioned above, we selected the mountainous region – Racha (municipalities of Ambrolauri and Oni). For the studies, together with literary material and different sources, we used cartographic material, the landscape maps (1970, 1983) and the topographic map (scale; 1:100 000) of Georgia and Transcaucasia and the observation materials of the field expedition made in 2019-2021 in Racha. Racha is a mountainous region characterized by complex relief and geological structure. Here, nearly all kinds of hazardous geodynamical processes such as landslides, mudflows, erosion, rock flows, avalanches, karst and suffosive phenomena are observed, though the most frequent are landslides, mudflows erosive processes and washing-off of river banks. The activation of the geodynamical process and the hazard of large-scale development of gravitational phenomena are extremely increased because the whole region territory is prone to earthquakes of intensity VII-IX. Among the most critical factors in geodynamical processes are geological, geomorphological, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. The data on the triggering factors of the main geodynamical processes – erosion, landslide, mudflow, etc. in Racha are given in the tables and diagrams of the paper.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Salukvadze, E., Chaladze, T., Gogidze, K. (2021). The Natural Resources Potential and Exploitation Peculiarities of Mountainous Regions (on the example of Lower Racha). Georgian Geographical Journal, 1(1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.52340/ggj.2021.258
Saneblidze, M., Ukleba, D., Khazaradze, R. (2000). Christephore Jakeli (1970) Sakartvelos Landshapturi ruk’a. [Landscape Map of Georgia (1: 600 000)], Tbilisi-Moscow: Main Department of Geodesy and Cartography/Russia, Moscow: (in Georgian).
Ukleba, D., Budagov, B., Useibov, M., Sokhadze, E., Bagdasarov, A. (1983). Landšaftnaja karta Zakavkazija, Glavnyi departament geodezii i kartografii - [Landscape map of the South Caucasus, (1: 600 000)], Main Department of Geodesy and Cartography/ Russia, Moscow: (in Russian).
Map Topographic Racha region (1: 50 000, 1: 100 00) designed in 1950-63 and updated in 1976 by the Russian Military Headquarters, Moscow, 1976 (in Russian).
Gobejishvili, R. (2000). Rach’a-Lechkhumi//In: Sakartvelos geograpia, nats’ili I, Pizik’uri geograpia - Racha-Lechkhumi//In: Geography of Georgia, Part I, [Physical Geography of Georgia], Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 256-258 p.; (in Georgian)
Tsereteli, E., Tsereteli, Dj. (1985). Osobennosti razvitija selevix processov v Gruzii//In: Geologičeskie uslovija razvitia celey v Gruzii.[Features of the development of mudflow processes on the territory of Georgia],In: geological conditions for the development of mudflows in Georgia//Georgia, Tbilisi: Mecniereba, 9-15 p.; (in Russian).
Goishvili, B. (2012). Rach’is geoekologia, geologia, stikiuri movlenebi da geokimiuri prots’esebi//In: Rach’a: ts’arsuli, ats’mq’o, momavali/Sakartvelos mets’nierebata ak’ademiis mtis problemebis k’ompleksuri shests’avlis k’omisia. [Geoecology of Racha, Geology, Hazards processes and geoshemical phenomena], in Racha Past, Present, Future. Georgia, Tbilisi, p. 94-96; (in Georgian)
Sakartvelos samets’niero da gamoq’enebiti klimaturi ts’nobari. [Scientific and applied reference book of climate in Georgia], (2004), Part I., Tbilisi: Bakur Sulakauri Publishing, p. 55-82; (in Georgian)
Meladze, G., Meladze, M. (2012). Rach’a-Lechkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti// In: Sakartvelos dasavlet regionebis agroklimaturi resursebi//Racha-Lechkhumi-Kvemo Svaneti [In: Agroclimatic resources of Western regions of Georgia], Tbilisi: Universali, p. 404-406 (in Georgian)
Javakhishvili, Sh. (1977). Atmosperuli nalek’ebi//In: Sakartvelos klimatograpia [Atmospheric precipitation], In: Climatography of Georgia. Georgia,Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Publishing House, p. 69-76 (in Georgian)
Gogichaishvili, G. (2012). Niadagis ch’amoretkhiloba sakhnavi mits’ebidan, In: Sakartvelos erovnuli atlasi [In: washing soil off arable lands] In:. National atlas of Georgia, p. 74; (in Georgian)
Machavariani, V. (1987). Erozia počv//In: Generalnaja cxema protivoerozionnix meropriatyi Gruzinskoy SSR na 1981-1990 godi i na period do 2000 goda. [Soil erosion], in: General scheme of anti-erosion measures of the Georgian SSR for 1981-1990 and for the period up to 2000/Georgia, Tbilisi, p. 132-136; (in Russian)
Kharaishvili, G. (1988). Mtis tq’eebis ts’kaldats’viti da niadagdats’viti roli//In: Tq’is roli bunebis dacvis sakmeshi [Water protection and soil protection role of mountain forests], in: The role of forests in nature protection/ Georgia,Tbilisi:Tsodna, p.14 -18 (in Georgian)
Zharkova, Y. (1976). Ocenka potencialnoy opasnosti erozii v svjazi rastitelnim pokrovom//In: Ocenka I kartografirovanie erozionnoopasnix deflacionnix zemel.[ Assessment of potential erosion hazards with regard to vegetation cover changes]. In: Land erosion and deflation assessment and mapping. Russia, Moscow: Moscow University Publishing House, p. 94-96; (in Russian)
Kandelaki, T. (2012). Rach’is regionis tq’is resursebi//In: Rach’a: ts’arsuli, ats’mq’o, momavali/Sakartvelos mets’nierebata ak’ademiis mtis problemebis k’ompleksuri shests’avlis k’omisia. [Forest resources of the Racha region], in: Racha Past, Present, Future. Georgia, Tbilisi, p. 286-290 (in Georgian)
Tatashidze, Z., Tsereteli, E., Khazaradze, R. (2000). Stikiuri bunebrivi movlenebi//In: In: Sakartvelos geograpia, nats’ili I, Pizik’uri geograpia [Elemental narulal processes], In: Geography of Georgia, Part I, [Physical Geography of Georgia], Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 69-83p.; (in Georgian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a CC BY Attribution
