Recreational Landscapes and Load Norms in the Coastal Zone of Adjara

Abstract

The coastal zone of Adjara represents one of Georgia’s most resource-rich regions for tourism and recreation, owing to its favorable climatic conditions, proximity to the Black Sea, availability of mineral and thermal waters, diverse vegetation, and aesthetically valuable landscapes. The relatively gentle terrain further contributes to the formation of a comfortable climate that enhances the attractiveness of the region for visitors. In recent years, the number of vacationers in both coastal and mountainous areas has been steadily increasing, placing considerable pressure on recreational landscapes. Estimates indicate substantial variation in recreational load: from approximately 10 people per hectare in less crowded areas such as the Akhalsofli plain, to 100 people per hectare in heavily utilized areas such as Batumi. In hilly regions, the carrying capacity depends on slope steepness, with loads averaging 25 people per hectare on slopes up to 10°, and decreasing to 10 people per hectare on slopes of 20–35°. These values are relatively high and point to significant overuse of the recreational natural-territorial complex, raising concerns about long-term sustainability. The findings highlight the need for balanced management strategies to ensure both the preservation of natural resources and the continued development of tourism in Adjara.