Keywords
Schizophrenia
Movement Disorders
Antipsychotic Medication
Motor Abnormalities
Mental Health
How to Cite
Abstract
This meta-analysis systematically examines the global prevalence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) among patients with mental disorders taking antipsychotic medication. A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar was conducted for literature from 2018 to 2024 using predefined keywords. Observational studies reporting antipsychotic-induced EPS were included. Data extraction was performed using an artificial intelligence (AI) based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) tool. Our proposed tool does not require any data-specific fine-tuning to extract data for meta-analysis studies. Meta- analysis was conducted using SPSS and R software. Subgroup analysis was performed based on geographical location. Nine studies, with a total of 15,332 patients, met the specified criteria for inclusion. The pooled prevalence of EPS was 26.70%, with drug-induced Parkinsonism being the most common (16.51%). Subgroup analysis revealed higher effect sizes in Asia (0.28) and Africa (0.27) compared to Europe and America (0.13).
Our study shows that antipsychotic-induced EPS are prevalent globally, with regional population- specific variations. Drug-induced Parkinsonism was the most frequent EPS. Further research on demographic and clinical factors influencing EPS is needed to optimize patient care.
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