Case report: Surgical treatment of severe mitral insufficiency by valve reconstruction

Abstract

      Mitral valve insufficiency is a common and complex pathology that often leads to the development of heart failure and death. The article begins by reviewing the normal anatomy of the bicuspid valve. The structural components of the valve are described. The list of etiological factors of mitral insufficiency is quite wide, which is statistically given below based on the studies. Disease symptoms, pathophysiological cascade and diagnostic methods are integrated in the article with a specific clinical case. A complete patient history is provided, describing the condition both before and after referral to us. Based on relevant studies, the patient is diagnosed with mitral valve infective endocarditis. The pathology of the valvular apparatus is quite complex, including damage to many anatomical structures. The treatment of the mentioned defects is carried out surgically. This involves either reconstructing the valve itself or replacing it with a mechanical/biological valve. Indications, drawbacks and advantages of each of them are described in the article. However, must be emphasized here that in a specific clinical case, taking into account many factors, the cardiac surgical team worked not only with standard, but also with various techniques and approaches developed by them, and reached a unique result, which would have been impossible even with standard methods. The article summarizes all the surgical steps involved in this operation. It was necessary for perfection with its advantages.