The Foreign Policy of Antonius and the Eastern Black Sea Coast

Kakhaber Pipia

doi:10.52340/isj.2024.28.10

Авторы

Kakhaber Pipia Sokhumi State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52340/isj.2024.28.10

Аннотация

After the campaigns of Gnaeus Pompey, the “Roman order” was established in in Nearer asia and the transcaucasus. In 64 B.C. the Eastern Coast of the Black Sea were officially declared as the Roman lands by the act of Amisus. In 65-35/33 B.C. Colchis as a separate, whole administrative-political entity was subdued to Rome. During the certain time, Colchis was directly dependent to the Roman Empire. After the death of Caesar, during Antonius the eastern policy of Rome changed. Antonius gave up his predecessor’s policy and began restored the Asian kingdoms liquidated by Pompey. In 39 BC the Pontic kingdom was also restored, headed by Polemon of Laodicea. Later, Antony further enlarged kingdom of Pontus. In 35-33 BC Lesser Armenia was given to Polemon. It is highly probable that, together with Lesser Armenia, Polemon obtained from Antony Colchis. Since then Colchis became part of Pontus of Polemons for a long time.

Скачивания

Данные скачивания пока недоступны.

Биография автора

Kakhaber Pipia, Sokhumi State University

Doctor of history, Professor of Sokhumi State University (Georgia)

Библиографические ссылки

. Appian. Roman History: The Civil Wars. Translated By H. White. Harvard University Press, 1979.

. Appian. History of Rome: The Mithridatic Wars. translation by H. White and J. Lendering. Harvard University Press, 2004.

. A.A. Barrett. Polemo I of Pontus and M. Antonius Polemo. - Historia. 1978. Bd. 28, T. 3. P. 438-440

. H. Bengtson. Marcus Antonius: Triumvir und Herrscher des Orients. München, 1977.

. H. Buchheim. Die Orientpolitik des Triumvirn M. Antonius. Heidelberg, 1960.

. A. G. Bokshchanin. Parthia and Rome. part. 2, M., 1966 (in Russ.).

. N.C. Debevoise. A political history of Parthia. Chicago, 1938.

. Cicero. Letters to Atticus. Vol. II. Edited and translated by D.R. Shackleton Bailey. Harvard, 1999.

. Dio’s Roman History. Volume 1. London: W. Heinemann; New York: MacMillan, 1974.

. M. Dreher. Pompey in the Caucasus. - Journal of Ancient History,1994, N 1.

. V. F. Gaidukevich. Bosporan Kingdom. М.-Л., 1949 (in Russ.).

. E. S. Golubtsova. Northern Black Sea region and Rome at the turn of our era. M., 1951 (in Russ.).

. W. Hoffmann. Polemon // RE. 1952. Bd. 21. Hbd. 42.

. M. P. Inadze. Cities of the Black Sea coast in ancient Colchis. Tb., 1968 (in Russ.).

. N. Lomouri. Georgian-Roman Interrelationship. Tbilisi, 1981 (in Russ.).

. Th. Mommsen. The History Of Rome. Vol. 5. Cambridge, 1995.

. E. Olshausen. Pontos und Rom (63 v.Chr.—64 n.Ch.). - ANRW. 1980. Bd. II, T. 7, 2.

. T. T. Todua. Colchis part of the Pontic Kingdom. Tb., 1990 (in Russ.).

. The Geography of Strabo: An English Translation, with Introduction and Notes D. W. Roller. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. X. Cambridge, 1963.

. K. Pipia. Relations of Parthia-Rome in the Middle of the 1st Century B.C. and Formation of the System of ,,Political Dualism’’ in West Asia. - Caucasian Messenger, XII, 2005. (in Georg.).

. K. Pipia. The Roman Empire and integrative processes in the Black Sea region (I century B.C. - I century A.D.)" – HALK 2017. 2nd International Conference on History, Art, Literature and Culture in South Caucasus and Black Sea Region." abstracts book. Tb., 2017, p. 36-38. (in Georg.).

. K. Pipia. The Issue of Separation of Colchis from the Kingdom of Pontus. - Marie Brosset-210, Tbilisi, 2012, p. 37-51. (in Georg.).

. K. Pipia. Pompeys and Aristarchos. - Bedia, N 8-9, Tbilisi, 2010, p. 257-289 (in Georg.).

. K. Pipia. Rome and the Eastern Black Sea Coast in the I-II Centuries (Political Relations). Tbilisi, 2005. (in Georg.).

. K. Pipia. Aristarchus of Colchis. Tb., 2023.

. Plutarch. Parallel Lives. Chicago University Press, 2022.

. S. Saprykin. The Pontic Kingdom. M., 1996.

. D. Magie. Roman rule in Asia Minor. vol. I. Princeton, New Jersey, 1950.