The Role of the Chemical Industry (Green Chemistry) in Sustainable Development and the Green Economy

Abstract

The chemical industry processes natural and synthetic raw materials, altering their properties and creating new substances. The chemical industry, which produces goods for various sectors of the economy, also ensures the sustainability of production. In the context of sustainable development and a green economy, the chemical industry not only produces economically efficient and socially responsible products but also operates in an environmentally friendly manner without harming human health. In Azerbaijan, the chemical industry is represented in the fields of petrochemicals (synthetic rubbers, synthetic fibres, plastics, etc.), basic chemicals (acids, alkalis, mineral fertilisers, etc.), pharmaceuticals (medicinal preparations, biochemical products, etc.), and household chemicals (detergents, cleaners, cosmetic products, etc.). However, these fields are almost not working at their full capacity, and their activity is based on imported products. Furthermore, the chemical industry can, in some cases (technical accidents, negligence during the production process, outdated technology, etc.), cause harm to the environment and its components. In such a context, the implementation of green chemistry, as practised in leading countries of the world, is being emphasised, aligning with the demands of the modern era. This is because green chemistry minimises environmental impact and is characterised by its technological innovations. It is precisely in this context that the present article discusses the advantages of green chemistry.