Holiday Climate Index in Kvemo Kartli (Georgia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/ggj.2024.04.01.05Keywords:
climate, bioclimate, resort and tourism industry, cartographyAbstract
Weather and climate are two main factors that determine the bioclimatic resources of a territory and, accordingly, the degree of its suitability for the organization and development of the resort and tourism industry. Early studies used a variety of climate indices for tourism. In recent years, the so-called Holiday Climate Index (HCI), which is a combination of five climate elements (air temperature maximum, relative humidity, cloud cover, precipitation and wind), has been gaining popularity. Determination of HCI values for various locations in Georgia began in 2020 (Tbilisi, Kakheti region, 13 high-mountain points, etc.). In this work, an analysis of data on the long-term average values of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) for 8 settlements in the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia (Bolnisi, Gardabani, Dmanisi, Tetri Tskaro, Marneuli, Tsalka, Manglisi, Rustavi) is presented. The intra-annual distribution of HCI values was studied; correlations between individual stations were determined based on average monthly and seasonal HCI values; it was found that the regression equations for the intra-annual variation of average monthly HCI values for all points of Kvemo Kartli have the form of a ninth-order polynomial; categories of average monthly and seasonal HCI values in the specified settlements of Kvemo Kartli were determined; a comparison was made of the statistical characteristics of average monthly HCI values in 8 points of Kvemo Kartli with the indicated characteristics in Bolnisi, Gardabani, Marneuli, Rustavi (height of stations above sea level H < 1 km) and in Dmanisi, Tetri Tskaro, Tsalka, Manglisi (H ˃ 1 km), and a corresponding analysis of the repeatability of HCI categories was conducted. It is shown that the bioclimatic conditions in Kvemo Kartli are favourable for the development of the resort and tourism industry for all months of the year. A visual map of the distribution of mean monthly HCI categories on the territory of Kvemo Kartli has been constructed.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Amiranashvili A., Bliadze T., Chikhladze V. (2012). Photochemical smog in Tbilisi.//Monograph: Trans. of Mikheil Nodia institute of Geophysics, ISSN 1512-1135, vol. 63, 160 p., (in Georgian). http://www.dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/636/3/ფოტოქიმიური%20სმოგი%20თბილისში_წიგნი_2012_Ge.pdf
Amiranashvili A.G, Bolashvili N.R., Chikhladze V.A., Japaridze N.D., Khazaradze K.R., Khazaradze R.R., Lezhava Z.L., Tsikarishvili K.D. (2015a). Some New Data about the Bioclimatic Characteristics of the Village of Mukhuri (Western Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Issue B. Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v.18B, Tbilisi, pp. 107-115.
Amiranashvili, A., Chargazia, Kh., Matzarakis, A. (2014). Comparative Characteristics of the Tourism Climate Index in the South Caucasus Countries Capitals (Baku, Tbilisi, Yerevan). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Issue (B). Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean, and Space Plasma, vol.17B, pp. 14-25.
Amiranashvili A., Chargazia Kh., Matzarakis A., Kartvelishvili L. (2015b). Tourism Climate Index in the Coastal and Mountain Locality of Adjara, Georgia.//In the book: Int. Sc. Conf. “Sustainable Mountain Regions: Make Them Work”. Proceedings, Borovets, Bulgaria, ISBN 978-954-411-220-2, 14-16 May,2015, pp. 238-244, http://geography.bg/MountainRegions_Sofia2015
Amiranashvili A.G., Chikhladze V.A., Saakashvili N.M., Tabidze M.Sh., Tarkhan-Mouravi I.D. (2011). Bioclimatic Characteristics of Recreational Zones – Important Component of the Passport of the Health Resort – Tourist Potential of Georgia. Trans. of the Institute of Hydrometeorology at the Georgian Technical University, vol. 117, ISSN 1512-0902, pp. 89-92.
Amiranashvili A., Chikhladze V., Tsikarishvili K., Tsiklauri Kh. (2019). On the Restoration of the Ionization Properties of “Tetra” Cave (Tskaltubo, Georgia).//In the book: Proc. of Sc. Conf. “Actual Problems of Geography” Dedicated to Prof. Davit Ukleba’s 100th Anniversary, ISBN 978–9941–13-885-0, 5-6 November, 2019, Tbilisi, Georgia, pp. 33-36, http://dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/8596/1/Amiranashvili%20etc._Act_Probl_Geography_2019.pdf
Amiranashvili A.G., Japaridze N.D., Khazaradze K.R. (2018a). On the Connection of Monthly Mean of Some Simple Thermal Indices and Tourism Climate Index with the Mortality of the Population of Tbilisi City Apropos of Cardiovascular Diseases. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 21(1), Tbilisi, pp.48-62. http://www.jl.tsu.ge/index.php/GGS/article/view/2489
Amiranashvili A.G., Japaridze N.D., Kartvelishvili L.G., Khazaradze K.R., Matzarakis A., Povolotskaya N.P., Senik I.A. (2017). Tourism Climate Index of in the Some Regions of Georgia and North Caucasus. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Issue (B). Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean, and Space Plasma, vol.20B, pp. 43-64.
Amiranashvili A.G., Japaridze N.D., Kartvelishvili L.G., Khazaradze K.R., Kurdashvili L.R. (2018b). Tourism Climate Index in Kutaisi (Georgia).//In the book: Int. Sc. Conf. "Modern Problems of Ecology“, Proceedings, ISSN 1512-1976, v. 6, Kutaisi, Georgia, 21-22 September, 2018, pp. 227-230.
Amiranashvili A., Japaridze N., Kartvelishvili L., Megrelidze L., Khazaradze K. (2018d). Statistical Characteristics of the Monthly Mean Values of Air Effective Temperature on Missenard in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara and Kakheti (Georgia). Transactions of Mikheil Nodia Institute of Geophysics, ISSN 1512-1135, vol. LXIX, pp. 118-138, (in Russian).
Amiranashvili A., Japaridze N., Kartvelishvili L., Khazaradze K., Revishvili A. (2022a). Changeability the Monthly Mean Values of Air Effective Temperature on Missenard in Batumi in 1956-2015. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, e-ISSN: 2667-9973, p-ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 25(2), pp. 49–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48614/ggs2520225960
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L.G., Matzarakis A., Megrelidze L.D. (2018c). The Statistical Characteristics of Tourism Climate Index in Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 21(2), Tbilisi, pp. 95-112.
Amiranashvili A., Kartvelishvili L., Matzarakis A. (2020a). Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) in Tbilisi.//In the book: Int. Sc. Conf. "Modern Problems of Ecology“, Proc., ISSN 1512-1976, v. 7, Tbilisi-Telavi, Georgia, 26-28 September, 2020, pp. 424-427.
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L.G., Kutaladze N.B., Megrelidze L.D., Tatishvili M.R. (2021a). Holiday Climate Index in Some Mountainous Regions of Georgia. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, e-ISSN: 2667-9973, p-ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 24(2), pp. 92 – 117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48614/ggs2420213327
Amiranashvili A., Matzarakis A., Kartvelishvili L. (2008). Tourism Climate Index in Tbilisi. Trans. of the Institute of Hydrometeorology, ISSN 1512-0902, Tbilisi, vol. 115, pp. 27 - 30.
Amiranashvili A., Povolotskaya N., Senik I. (2021b). Comparative Analysis of the Tourism Climate Index and the Holiday Climate Index in the North Caucasus.Transactions of Mikheil Nodia Institute of Geophysics, ISSN 1512-1135, vol. LXXIII, pp. 96-113, (in Russian).
Amiranashvili A.G., Revishvili A.A., Khazaradze K.R., Japaridze N.D. (2021c). Connection of Holiday Climate Index with Public Health (on Example of Tbilisi and Kakheti Region, Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, e-ISSN: 2667-9973, p-ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 24 (1), 2021, pp. 63-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48614/ggs2420212884
Amiranashvili A., Japaridze N., Kartvelishvili L., Khazaradze K., Revishvili A. (2022b). Preliminary Results of a Study on the Impact of Some Simple Thermal Indices on the Spread of COVID-19 in Tbilisi. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, e-ISSN: 2667-9973, p-ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 25(2), pp. 59–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48614/ggs2520225961
Amiranashvili A., Kartvelishvili L., Matzarakis A. (2020b). Changeability of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) in Tbilisi. Transactions of Mikheil Nodia Institute of Geophysics, ISSN 1512-1135, vol. LXXII, 2020, pp. 131-139.
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L. G. (2008). Long-Term Variations of Air Effective Temperature in Tbilisi. Trans. of the Institute of Hydrometeorology, vol. 115, ISSN 1512-0902, Tb., pp. 214–219, (in Russian).
Amiranashvili A., Kartvelishvili L. (2019). Statistical Characteristics of the Monthly Mean Values of Tourism Climate Index in Mestia (Georgia) in 1961-2010. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 22(2), pp. 68–79.
Amiranashvili A.G., Kartvelishvili L.G. (2021). Holiday Climate Index in Kakheti (Georgia). Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, e-ISSN: 2667-9973, p-ISSN: 1512-1127, Physics of Solid Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 24(1), pp. 44-62.
Araci S.F. S., Demiroglu O. C., Pacal A., Hall C. M., Kurnaz, M. L. (2021). Future Holiday Climate Index (HCI) Performances of Urban and Beach Destinations in the Mediterranean.//In the book: EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-13217, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13217, 2021.
Bolashvili N.R., Chikhladze V.A., Khazaradze K.R., Lezhava Z.I., Tsikarishvili K.D. (2016). Some Bioclimatic Characteristics of Martvili Canyon (Western Georgia).//In the book: The Questions of Health Resort Managing, Physiotheraphy and Rehabilitation, International Collection of Scientific Articles, Vol. I, ISSN 2449-271X, Tbilisi, ppp. 81-87. http://109.205.44.60/bitstream/123456789/6244/1/Bolashvili%2CChikhladze..._2016_Article.pdf
Carrillo J., González A., Pérez J. C., Expósito F. J., Díaz, J. P. (2021). Impact of Climate Change on the Future of Tourism Areas in the Canary Islands. //In the book: EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-11981, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11981, 2021.
Fourth National Communication of Georgia. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2021)//Book: Tbilisi. pp. 333-339. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/4%20Final%20Report%20-%20English%202020%2030.03_0.pdf
Hejazizadeh Z., Karbalaee A., Hosseini S.A., Tabatabaei S.A. (2019). Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) in Desert Regions and Makran Coasts of Iran. Arab. J. Geosci. 12, 803, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5
Javan K. (2017). Comparison of Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and Tourism Climate Index (TCI) in Urmia. Physical Geography Research Quarteli. vol. 49, iss. 3, pp. 423-439.
Kartvelishvili L., Tatishvili M., Amiranashvili A., Megrelidze L., Kutaladze N. (2023). Weather, Climate and their Change Regularities for the Conditions of Georgia. //Monograph: Publishing House “UNIVERSAL”, Tbilisi, 406 p., https://doi.org/10.52340/mng.9789941334658
Kartvelishvili L., Matzarakis A., Amiranashvili A., Kutaladze N. (2011). Assessment of Touristical-Recreation Potential of Georgia on Background Regional Climate Change.//In the book: Proc. of IIst Int. Scientific-Practical Conference “Tourism: Economics and Business”, June 4-5, Batumi, Georgia, pp. 250-252.
Kartvelishvili L., Amiranashvili A., Megrelidze L., Kurdashvili L. (2019). Turistul Rekreaciuli Resursebis Shefaseba Klimatis Cvlilebebis Fonze.//Book: Publish House "Mtsignobari”, ISBN 978-9941-485-01-5, Tbilisi, 161 p., (in Georgian). http://217.147.235.82/bitstream/1234/293074/1/turistulRekreaciuli ResursebisShefasebaKlimatisCvlilebebisFonze.pdf.
Khazaradze K.R. (2017). Comparative Analysis of Mean-Daily Value of Air Equivalent Effective Temperature in Tbilisi and Kojori. Journal of the Georgian Geophysical Society, Issue B. Physics of Atmosphere, Ocean and Space Plasma, v. 20B, pp. 65–72. http://www.dspace.gela.org.ge/bitstream/123456789/7105/1/JGGS_20B_2017_5.pdf
Kobisheva N., Narovlianski G. (1978). Climatological Processing of the Meteorological Information.//Book: Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 294 p., (in Russian).
Lanchava O. A., Iliashi N., Radu S., Tsikarishvili K., Lezhava Z., Amiranashvili A., Chikhladze V., Asanidze L. (2021). წყალტუბოს (დასავლეთი საქართველო) "თეთრა მღვიმის“ პრაქტიკული სარგებლიანობის პოტენციალი. GEORGIAN SCIENTISTS, E-ISSN: 2667-9760, Vol. 3, N 1, 15 p. Retrieved from https://journals.4 science.ge/index.php/GS/article/view/285
Matzarakis A. (2006). Weather - and Climate-Related Information for Tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, August, vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 99–115.
Matzarakis A., Cheval S., Lin T.-P., Potchter, O. (2021). Challenges in Applied Human Biometeorology. Atmosphere, 12, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030296
Matzarakis A., Cheval S., Lin T.-P., Potchter O. (2021). Challenges in Applied Human Biometeorology. Atmosphere, 12, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030296
Mieczkowski Z. (1985). The Tourism Climate Index: A Method for Evaluating World Climates for Tourism. The Canadian Geographer, N 29, pp. 220-233.
Mushawemhuka W.J., Fitchett J.M., Hoogendoorn G. (2020). Towards Quantifying Climate Suitability for Zimbabwean Nature-Based Tourism. South African Geographical Journal. DOI: 10.1080/03736245.2020.1835703
Rekacewicz P. (2005). River Fragmentation, Flow Regulation and Dams Under Construction. UNEP/GRID-Arenda. Image.//Retrieved from https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/iwrm/Implementation/water_and_the_physical_environment/bilder/River-fragmentation-and-flow-regulation.jpg?html=1&locale=en&ref=65912901
Rekacewicz P., Stienne A. (2013). An Over-Nuclear Europe.//Retrieved from https://mondediplo.com/maps/overnuclear
Rutty M., Steiger R., O. Demiroglu O.C., Perkins D.R. (2021). Tourism Climatology: Past, Present, and Future. Int. Journ. of. Biometeorology. Published online: 08 January 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-02070-0
Rutty M., Scott D., Matthews L., Burrowes R., Trotman A., Mahon R., Charles A. (2020). An Inter-Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI: Beach) and the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) to Explain Canadian Tourism Arrivals to the Caribbean. Atmosphere, 11, 412.
Rybak, O. O., & Rybak, E. A. (2016). APPLICATION OF CLIMATIC INDICES FOR EVALUATION OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS. Naučnyj Žurnal Kubanskogo Gosudarstvennogo Agrarnogo Universiteta. https://doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-121-016
Sakartvelos sametsniero-gamoq’enebiti k’limat’uri tsnobari. (2020).//Book: SSIP Garemos erovnuli saagento, gamomcemloba “Universali”, ISBN 978-9941-26-798-7, 307 p.
Scott, D., Rutty, M., Amelung, B., & Tang, M. (2016). An Inter-Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) in Europe. Atmosphere, 7(6), 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7060080
Tanana, A. B. et al. (2021). Confort climático en la Argentina: un recurso intangible para el turismo. Cuadernos Geográficos 60(3), pp. 52-72.
Vadachkoria M.K., Ushveridze G.A., Jaliashvili V.G. (1987). Health Resorts of the Georgian SSR.//Book: "Sabchota Sakartvelo" Publishers, Tbilisi, 383 p., (in Georgia, English and Russian).
Williams D. (2021). An Examination of the Tourism Holiday Climate Index (HCI: Urban) in Tokyo 1964-2019. Josai International University Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 6, March 2021, p. 1-31.
Yu D. D., Rutty M., Scott D., Li S. (2020). Comparison of the Holiday Climate Index: Beach and the Tourism Climate Index Across Coastal Destinations in China. International Journal of Biometeorology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-01979-w, 8 p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Georgian Geographical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a CC BY Attribution
