Ultra-processed Food, Carboxymethyl-lysine and Pubertal Development in Girls

Ultra-processed Food, Carboxymethyl-lysine and Pubertal Development in Girls

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52340/spectri.2024.09.01.01

Keywords:

Pubertal Development, Nutrition, Carboxymethyl-lysine, AGEs, Ultra-processed Food

Abstract

   Puberty marks a significant developmental milestone in an individual's life. Understanding the factors that influence the timing and progression of puberty is crucial. Nutrition plays a vital role in shaping puberty's onset and progression. This paper proposes future research directions to delve into the specific effects of toxins present in ultra-processed food, such as advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and its most prominent marker, Carboxymethyl lysine (CML), on pubertal changes in the modern world.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Teona Nutsubidze, Tbilisi State University

MD, PhD, Endocrinologist

Ketevani Obolashvili, National Institute of Endocrinology

MD, Endocrinologist

Elene Giorgadze, Tbilisi State University

Professor, Endocrinologist

References

- World Obesity Federation, World Obesity Atlas 2023. https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/?cat=19

- NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017 Dec 16;390(10113):2627-2642. PMID: 29029897; PMCID: PMC5735219.

- Reinehr T, Roth CL. Is there a causal relationship between obesity and puberty? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Jan;3(1):44-54. PMID: 30446301.

- Wei, Qingyi, Ting Liu, and Da Sun. "Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) in Foods and Their Detecting Techniques and Methods: A Review." Trends in Food Science & Technology 82, (2018): 32–45. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Buser, W. and Helmut F. Erbersdobler. “Carboxymethyllysine, a new compound of heat damage in milk products.” Milchwissenschaft-milk Science International 41 (1986): 780-785.

- Cheng TS, Ong KK, Biro FM. Trends Toward Earlier Puberty Timing in Girls and Its Likely Mechanisms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2022 Oct;35(5):527-531. PMID: 35537618.

- Delanie Bulcão Macedo ; Letícia Ferreira Gontijo Silveira ; Danielle Souza Bessa ; Vinicius Nahime Brito ; Ana Claudia Latronico, “Sexual Precocity--Genetic Bases of Central Precocious Puberty and Autonomous Gonadal Activation”. Endocrine development. https://karger.com/books/book/255/chapter/5174899/Sexual-Precocity-Genetic-Bases-of-Central.

- Skrapits, Katalin, and Erik Hrabovszky. "The Anatomy of the GnRH Neuron Network in the Human." 149-175. Accessed Jan 21, 2024.

- M. Grumbach, “The Neuroendocrinology of Human Puberty Revisited”. Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 2002 57 (Suppl. 2): 2–14.

- Grumbach, Melvin M. "A Window of Opportunity: The Diagnosis of Gonadotropin Deficiency in the Male Infant1." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90, no. 5 (2005): 3122–3127. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Bouvattier, Claire, Luigi Maione, Jérôme Bouligand, Catherine Dodé, and Jacques Young. "Neonatal Gonadotropin Therapy in Male Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism." Nature Reviews Endocrinology 8, no. 3 (2012): 172-182. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Wood, Claire L., Laura C. Lane, and Tim Cheetham. "Puberty: Normal Physiology (Brief Overview)." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 33, no. 3 (2019): 101265. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Abreu, Ana P., and Prof. U. B Kaiser. "Pubertal Development and Regulation." The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology 4, no. 3 (2016): 254. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Brix, Nis, Andreas Ernst, Lea L. Braskhøj Lauridsen, Erik Parner, Henrik Støvring, Jørn Olsen, and Tine B. Henriksen. "Timing of Puberty in Boys and Girls: A Population‐Based Study." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 33, no. 1 (2018): 70-78. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Talbi, Rajae, and Victor M. Navarro. "Novel Insights into the Metabolic Action of Kiss1 Neurons." Endocrine Connections 9, no. 5 (2020): R124. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Han, Kyu, Michelle L. Gottsch, Kathy J. Lee, Simina M. Popa, Jeremy T. Smith, Sonya K. Jakawich, Donald K. Clifton, Robert A. Steiner, and Allan E. Herbison. "Activation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Kisspeptin as a Neuroendocrine Switch for the Onset of Puberty." The Journal of Neuroscience 25, no. 49 (2005): 11349–11356. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Lass, G, XF Li, W He, Y Kang, H Yeo, LC Sinnett-Smith, SM Manchishi, WH Colledge, and SL Lightman. "Optogenetic Stimulation of Kisspeptin Neurones within the Posterodorsal Medial Amygdala Increases LH Pulse Frequency in Female Mice." Journal of Neuroendocrinology 32, no. 2 2020: e12823. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Aggarwal, Sanya, Celion Tang, Kristen Sing, Hyun W. Kim, Robert P. Millar, and Javier A. Tello. "Medial Amygdala Kiss1 Neurons Mediate Female Pheromone Stimulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice." Neuroendocrinology 108, no. 3 (2019): 172–189. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Livadas, Sarantis, and George P. Chrousos. "Molecular and Environmental Mechanisms Regulating Puberty Initiation: An Integrated Approach." Frontiers in Endocrinology 10, (2019). Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Delli, Virginia, Mauro S. Silva, Vincent Prévot, and Konstantina Chachlaki. "The KiNG of Reproduction: Kisspeptin/ NNOS Interactions Shaping Hypothalamic GnRH Release." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 532, (2021): 111302. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Yosten, C., Gina L., Ming Lyu, J. W. Hsueh, Orna Avsian-Kretchmer, Kang Chang, Chloe W. Tullock, Siok L. Dun, Nae Dun, and Willis K. Samson. "A Novel Reproductive Peptide, Phoenixin." Journal of Neuroendocrinology 25, no. 2 (2013): 206. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Xuan Phuoc Nguyen, Tomoko Nakamura, Satoko Osuka, Bayasula Bayasula, Natsuki Nakanishi, Yukiyo Kasahara, Ayako Muraoka, Shotaro Hayashi., et al. "Effect of the Neuropeptide Phoenixin and Its Receptor GPR173 During Folliculogenesis". Reproduction, Jan 7, 2024.

- Dhillo, Waljit S., Owais B. Chaudhri, Michael Patterson, Emily L. Thompson, Kevin G. Murphy, Michael K. Badman, Barbara M. McGowan et al. "Kisspeptin-54 Stimulates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Human Males." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90, no. 12 (2005): 6609–6615. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Clarke SA, Dhillo WS. Kisspeptin across the human lifespan: evidence from animal studies and beyond. J Endocrinol. 2016 Jun;229(3):R83-98.

- Stephanie B. Seminara, M.D., Sophie Messager, Ph.D., Emmanouella E., et al.The New England Journal of Medicine. "The GPR54 Gene as a Regulator of Puberty". The New England Journal of Medicine, Jan 7, 2024.

- De Roux, Nicolas, Emmanuelle Genin, Jean Carel, Fumihiko Matsuda, Jean Chaussain, and Edwin Milgrom. "Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Due to Loss of Function of the KiSS1-derived Peptide Receptor GPR54." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no. 19 (2003): 10972-10976. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Topaloglu, A K., Frank Reimann, Metin Guclu, Ayse S. Yalin, L D. Kotan, Keith M. Porter, Ayse Serin et al. "TAC3 and TACR3 Mutations in Familial Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Reveal a Key Role for Neurokinin B in the Central Control of Reproduction." Nature Genetics 41, no. 3 (2009): 354-358. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Iwasa, Takeshi, Toshiya Matsuzaki, Riyo Kinouchi, Ganbat Gereltsetseg, Masahiro Murakami, Hiroshi Nakazawa, Toshiyuki Yasui, and Minoru Irahara. "Changes in the Responsiveness of Serum Leptin and Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y mRNA Levels to Food Deprivation in Developing Rats." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 29, no. 4 (2011): 377–380. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Calcaterra, Valeria, Elvira Verduci, Vittoria C. Magenes, Martina C. Pascuzzi, Virginia Rossi, Arianna Sangiorgio, Alessandra Bosetti, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, and Chiara Mameli. "The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty." Life 11, no. 12 (2021): 1353. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Smith, J. T., B. V. Acohido, D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner. "KiSS-1 Neurones Are Direct Targets for Leptin in the Ob/Ob Mouse." Journal of Neuroendocrinology 18, no. 4 (2006): 298–303. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Karakas, Sidika E., and Prasanth Surampudi. "New Biomarkers to Evaluate Hyperandrogenemic Women and Hypogonadal Men." Advances in Clinical Chemistry 86, (2017): 71-125. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Maione, Luigi, Claire Bouvattier, and Ursula B. Kaiser. "Central Precocious Puberty: Recent Advances in Understanding the Aetiology and in the Clinical Approach." Clinical Endocrinology 95, no. 4 (2021): 542. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- Marshall, W. A., and J. M. Tanner. "Variations in Pattern of Pubertal Changes in Girls." Archives of Disease in Childhood 44, no. 235 (1969): 291–303. Accessed Jan 7, 2024.

- A.-S. Parent, D. Franssen, J. FUDVOYE, A. GERARD, and J.-P. Bourguignon. "Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: Revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (2015).

- Cheuiche, A.V., da Silveira, L.G., de Paula, L.C.P. et al. Diagnosis and management of precocious sexual maturation: an updated review. Eur J Pediatr 180, 3073–3087 (2021).

- Mustanski, B. S., Viken, R. J., Kaprio, J., Pulkkinen, L., & Rose, R. J. (2004). Genetic and Environmental Influences on Pubertal Development: Longitudinal Data From Finnish Twins at Ages 11 and 14. Developmental Psychology, 40(6), 1188–1198.

- Molina BSG, Hinshaw SP, Swanson JM, Arnold LE, Vitiello B, … Jensen PS the MTA Cooperative Group. The MTA at eight years: Prospective follow-up of children treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2009;48(5):484–500.

- Toppari, Jorma, and Anders Juul. "Trends in Puberty Timing in Humans and Environmental Modifiers." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 324, no. 1-2 (2010): 39-44. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Bleil, Maria E., Cathryn Booth-LaForce, and Aprile D. Benner. "Race Disparities in Pubertal Timing: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk among African American Women." Population Research and Policy Review 36, no. 5 (2017): 717. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Leka-Emiri S, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. The mystery of puberty initiation: genetics and epigenetics of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). J Endocrinol Invest. 2017 Aug;40(8):789-802. PMID: 28251550.

- Huan, Tianxiao, Michael Mendelson, Roby Joehanes, Chen Yao, Chunyu Liu, Ci Song, Anindya Bhattacharya et al. "Epigenome-wide Association Study of DNA Methylation and MicroRNA Expression Highlights Novel Pathways for Human Complex Traits." Epigenetics 15, no. 1–2 (2020): 183–198. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Roberts, Stephanie A., and Ursula B. Kaiser. "Genetic Etiologies of Central Precocious Puberty and the Role of Imprinted Genes." European Journal of Endocrinology 183, no. 4 2020: R107. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Calcaterra, Valeria, Elvira Verduci, Vittoria C. Magenes, Martina C. Pascuzzi, Virginia Rossi, Arianna Sangiorgio, Alessandra Bosetti, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, and Chiara Mameli. "The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty." Life 11, no. 12 (2021). Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Rudnizky, Sergei, Lilach Pnueli, Gillian R. Bentley, Reinhard Stöger, Ariel Kaplan, and Philippa Melamed. "Unravelling the Role of Epigenetics in Reproductive Adaptations to Early-life Environment." Nature Reviews Endocrinology 16, no. 9 (2020): 519-533. Accessed Jan 21, 2024.

- Maisonet, Mildred, Krista Y. Christensen, Carol Rubin, Adrianne Holmes, W. D. Flanders, Jon Heron, Ken K. Ong, Jean Golding, Michael A. McGeehin, and Michele Marcus. "Role of Prenatal Characteristics and Early Growth on Pubertal Attainment of British Girls." Pediatrics 126, no. 3 2010: e591. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Xin Meng, MD; Suyun Li, MD; Wenhou Duan, MD; Yanxin Sun, MPH; Chongqi Jia, MD, Secular Trend of Age at Menarche in Chinese Adolescents Born From 1973 to 2004, Pediatrics (2017) 140 (2): e20170085.

- Kwame Ameade, Evans P., and Helene A. Garti. "Age at Menarche and Factors that Influence It: A Study among Female University Students in Tamale, Northern Ghana." PLoS ONE 11, no. 5 (2016). Accessed Jan 21, 2024.

- Verkauskiene R, Petraitiene I, Albertsson Wikland K. Puberty in children born small for gestational age. Res Paediatr, Horm. 2013;80(2):69-77.PMID: 23899516.

- Soliman, Ashraf, Vincenzo D. Sanctis, and Rania Elalaily. "Nutrition and Pubertal Development." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 18, no. Suppl 1 2014: S39. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Rogers, Imogen S, Kate Northstone, David B Dunger, Ashley R Cooper, Andy R Ness, and Pauline M Emmett. "Diet throughout Childhood and Age at Menarche in a Contemporary Cohort of British Girls." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 12 2010: 2052–63.

- Calcaterra, Valeria, Hellas Cena, Corrado Regalbuto, Federica Vinci, Debora Porri, Elvira Verduci, Chiara Mameli, and Gian V. Zuccotti. "The Role of Fetal, Infant, and Childhood Nutrition in the Timing of Sexual Maturation." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021). Accessed Jan 21, 2024.

- Kale, Aarti, Julianna Deardorff, Maureen Lahiff, Cecile Laurent, Louise C. Greenspan, Robert A. Hiatt, Gayle Windham et al. "Breastfeeding versus Formula-Feeding & Girls' Pubertal Development." Maternal and Child Health Journal 19, no. 3 (2015): 519. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- BLELL, MWENZA, TESSA M. POLLARD, and MARK S. PEARCE. “PREDICTORS OF AGE AT MENARCHE IN THE NEWCASTLE THOUSAND FAMILIES STUDY.” Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 4 (2008): 563–75.

- Marks, Kristin J., Terryl J. Hartman, Ethel V. Taylor, Michael E. Rybak, Kate Northstone, and Michele Marcus. "Exposure to Phytoestrogens in Utero and Age at Menarche in a Contemporary British Cohort." Environmental Research 155, (2017): 287. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Agent Margaret, Julie Daniels, Walter Rogan, Linda Adair, Lloyd Edwards, Daniel Westreich, Mildred Maisonet, and Michele Marcus. "Early Life Soy Exposure and Age at Menarche." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 26, no. 2 (2012): 163. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Strom BL, Schinnar R, Ziegler EE, et al. Exposure to Soy-Based Formula in Infancy and Endocrinological and Reproductive Outcomes in Young Adulthood. JAMA. 2001;286(7):807–814.

- Fudvoye J, Lopez-Rodriguez D, Franssen D, Parent AS. Endocrine disrupters and possible contribution to pubertal changes. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun;33(3):101300. PMID: 31401055.

- Guth M, Pollock T, Fisher M, Arbuckle TE, Bouchard MF. Concentrations of urinary parabens and reproductive hormones in girls 6-17 years living in Canada. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021 Jan;231:113633. PMID: 33045491.

- La Merrill MA, Vandenberg LN, Smith MT, Goodson W, Browne P, Patisaul HB, Guyton KZ, Kortenkamp A, Cogliano VJ, Woodruff TJ, Rieswijk L, Sone H, Korach KS, Gore AC, Zeise L, Zoeller RT. Consensus on the critical characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020 Jan;16(1):45-57. PMID: 31719706; PMCID: PMC6902641.

- Gore, A. C., V. A. Chappell, S. E. Fenton, J. A. Flaws, A. Nadal, G. S. Prins, J. Toppari, and R. T. Zoeller. "EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals." Endocrine Reviews 36, no. 6 2015: E1. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Toppari, Jorma, and Anders Juul. "Trends in Puberty Timing in Humans and Environmental Modifiers." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 324, no. 1-2 (2010): 39-44. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Leijs, Marike M., Janna G. Koppe, Kees Olie, Wim M. V. Aalderen, Pim D. Voogt, Tom Vulsma, Matthijs Westra, and Gavin W. Ten Tusscher. "Delayed Initiation of Breast Development in Girls with Higher Prenatal Dioxin Exposure; a Longitudinal Cohort Study." Chemosphere 73, no. 6 (2008): 999-1004. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Berger, Kimberly, Brenda Eskenazi, Katherine Kogut, Kimberly Parra, Robert H. Lustig, Louise C. Greenspan, Nina Holland, Antonia M. Calafat, Xiaoyun Ye, and Kim G. Harley. "Association of Prenatal Urinary Concentrations of Phthalates and Bisphenol A and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls." Environmental Health Perspectives 126, no. 9 2018. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Harley, Kim G., Stephen A. Rauch, Jonathan Chevrier, Katherine Kogut, Kimberly L. Parra, Celina Trujillo, Robert H. Lustig et al. "Association of Prenatal and Childhood PBDE Exposure with Timing of Puberty in Boys and Girls." Environment International 100, (2017): 132. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Windham, Gayle C., Susan M. Pinney, Robert W. Voss, Andreas Sjödin, Frank M. Biro, Louise C. Greenspan, Susan Stewart, Robert A. Hiatt, and Lawrence H. Kushi. "Brominated Flame Retardants and Other Persistent Organohalogenated Compounds Concerning Timing of Puberty in a Longitudinal Study of Girls." Environmental Health Perspectives 123, no. 10 (2015): 1046–1052. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Chen, Aimin, Ethan Chung, Emily A. DeFranco, Susan M. Pinney, and Kim N. Dietrich. "Serum PBDEs and Age at Menarche in Adolescent Girls: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004." Environmental Research 111, no. 6 (2011): 831. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- EA, Eugster. Update on Precocious Puberty in Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2019 Oct;32(5):455-459. PMID: 31158483.

- Partsch, C, and W. G. Sippell. "Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Precocious Puberty.

Effects of Exogenous Oestrogens." Human Reproduction Update 7, no. 3 (2001): 292-302. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Stephanie B. Seminara, M.D., Sophie Messager, PhD, Emmanouella E. Chatzidaki, B.Sc., Rosemary R. Thresher, Ph.D., James S. Acierno, Jr., B.S., Jenna K. Shagoury, B.S., Yousef Bo-Abbas, M.D., Wendy Kuohung, M.D., Kristine M. Schwinof, M.A., Alan G. Hendrick, Ph.D., Dirk Zahn, Ph.D., John Dixon, BA, et al. The New England Journal of Medicine. "The GPR54 Gene as a Regulator of Puberty". The New England Journal of Medicine, Jan 13, 2024.

- De Roux, Nicolas, Emmanuelle Genin, Jean Carel, Fumihiko Matsuda, Jean Chaussain, and Edwin Milgrom. "Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Due to Loss of Function of the KiSS1-derived Peptide Receptor GPR54." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no. 19 (2003): 10972-10976. Accessed Jan 13, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1834399100.

- Nguyen XP, Nakamura T, Osuka S, Bayasula B, Nakanishi N, Kasahara Y, Muraoka A, Hayashi S, Nagai T, Murase T, Goto M, Iwase A, Kikkawa F. Effect of the neuropeptide phoenixin and its receptor GPR173 during folliculogenesis. Reproduction. 2019 Jul;158(1):25-34. PMID: 30933929.

- Williams, Lyda, Yoshinori Seki, Patricia M. Vuguin, and Maureen J. Charron. "Animal Models of In Utero Exposure to a High Fat Diet: A Review." Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1842, no. 3 (2014): 507. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Skovsø, Søs. "Modeling Type 2 Diabetes in Rats Using High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin." Journal of Diabetes Investigation 5, no. 4 (2014): 349–358. Accessed Jan 21, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12235.

- Swinburn BA, Caterson I, Seidell JC, James WP. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity. Public Health Nutr. 2004 Feb;7(1A):123-46.

- Wu, Youmei, Qiuyun Gu, Xueying Cui, Zhenni Zhu, Jiajie Zang, Zhengyuan Wang, Fan Wu, and Xiuhua Shen. "Higher Poultry Consumption Was Associated with an Earlier Age at Menarche." Acta Paediatrica 110, no. 3 (2021): 889-895. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Koprowski, C, R K. Ross, W J. Mack, B E. Henderson, and L Bernstein. "Diet, Body Size and Menarche in a Multiethnic Cohort." British Journal of Cancer 79, no. 11-12 (1999): 1907-1911. Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Di Sessa, Anna, Grandone, Anna, Marzuillo, Pierluigi, Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria, Cirillo, Grazia and Miraglia del Giudice, Emanuele. "Early menarche is associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with obesity." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 34, no. 5 (2021): 607-612. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0684

- Deardorff, Julianna, Jonathan W. Reeves, Carly Hyland, Sasha Tilles, Stephen Rauch, Katherine Kogut, Louise C. Greenspan et al. "Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Pubertal Onset Among Mexican-American Boys and Girls in the CHAMACOS Longitudinal Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 191, no. 1 (2021): 7-16. Accessed Jan 21, 2024.

- Ferrari, Vittorio, Simona Stefanucci, Marta Ferrari, Daniele Ciofi, Stefano Stagi, and Tuscany M. Study Group. "Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis of the Effects of Postnatal Weight Gain on the Timing and Tempo of Puberty and Menarche in a Cohort of Italian Girls." Italian Journal of Pediatrics 48, (2022). Accessed Jan 8, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01222-9.

- Katagiri, Aomi, Nobutoshi Nawa, and Takeo Fujiwara. "Association Between Paternal Separation During Early Childhood and Pubertal Timing Among Girls Using Longitudinal Birth Cohort in Japan." Frontiers in Endocrinology 12, (2021). Accessed Jan 8, 2024.

- Shaw, Wilfred, John Howkins, and Christopher N. Hudson. "Shaw's Textbook of Operative Gynaecology." (No Title) 1977.

- Street, Maria E., and Sergio Bernasconi. "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Human Fetal Growth." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (2020). Accessed Jan 13, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041430.

- Johansson, Hanna K., Terje Svingen, Paul A. Fowler, Anne M. Vinggaard, and Julie Boberg. "Environmental Influences on Ovarian Dysgenesis — Developmental Windows Sensitive to Chemical Exposures." Nature Reviews Endocrinology 13, no. 7 (2017): 400-414. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Wohlfahrt-Veje, Christine, Katharina M. Main, and Niels E. Skakkebæk. "Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome: Foetal Origin of Adult Reproductive Problems." Clinical Endocrinology 71, no. 4 (2009): 459-465. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Heindel, Jerrold J., and Laura N. Vandenberg. "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: A Paradigm for Understanding Disease Etiology and Prevention." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 27, no. 2 (2015): 248. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Barker DJ. The developmental origins of adult disease. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(8):733–6. PMID: 12974544.

- Brett, Jerold, Ann M. Schmidt, Shi D. Yan, Yu S. Zou, Elliott Weidman, David Pinsky, Roman Nowygrod et al. "Survey of the Distribution of a Newly Characterised Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Tissues." The American Journal of Pathology 143, no. 6 (1993): 1699-1712. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Poulsen, Malene W., Rikke V. Hedegaard, Jeanette M. Andersen, Barbora De Courten, Susanne Bügel, John Nielsen, Leif H. Skibsted, and Lars O. Dragsted. "Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Food and Their Effects on Health." Food and Chemical Toxicology 60, (2013): 10-37. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Tanner, J.M. (1962) Growth at adolescence. 2nd Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

- Parent AS, Teilmann G, Juul A, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J, Bourguignon JP. The timing of ordinary puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration. Endocr Rev. 2003 Oct;24(5):668-93. PMID: 14570750.

- Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, Petersen JH, Skakkebaek NE, Juul A. Recent decline in age at breast development: the Copenhagen Puberty Study. Pediatrics. 2009 May;123(5):e932-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2491. PMID: 19403485.

- Euling SY, Herman-Giddens ME, Lee PA, Selevan SG, Juul A, Sørensen TI, Dunkel L, Himes JH, Teilmann G, Swan SH. Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: panel findings. Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121 Suppl 3:S172-91. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1813D. PMID: 18245511.

- Biro, Frank M., Louise C. Greenspan, Maida P. Galvez, Susan M. Pinney, Susan Teitelbaum, Gayle C. Windham, Julianna Deardorff et al. "Onset of Breast Development in a Longitudinal Cohort." Paediatrics 132, no. 6 (2013): 1019–1027. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Nittari G, Scuri S, Petrelli F, Pirillo I, di Luca NM, Grappasonni I. Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. Epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs. Clin Ter. 2019 May-Jun;170(3):e223-e230. PMID: 31173054.

- Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Bourdony CJ, Bhapkar MV, Koch GG, Hasemeier CM. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics. 1997 Apr;99(4):505-12. PMID: 9093289.

- Papadimitriou, Anastasios, Soula Pantsiotou, Konstandinos Douros, Dimitrios T. Papadimitriou, Polyxeni Nicolaidou, and Andreas Fretzayas. "Timing of Pubertal Onset in Girls: Evidence for Non-Gaussian Distribution." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 11 (2008): 4422–4425. Accessed Jan 13, 2024.

- Semiz,, S., Kurt,, F., Kurt,, D.T., Zencir,, M. and Sevinç,, Ö.. "Pubertal Development of Turkish Children" Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 21, no. 10 (2008): 951-962.

- Sørensen K, Mouritsen A, Aksglaede L, Hagen CP, Mogensen SS, Juul A. Recent secular trends in pubertal timing: implications for evaluation and diagnosis of precocious puberty. Horm Res Paediatr. 2012;77(3):137-45.PMID: 22508036.

- Kota AS, Ejaz S. Precocious Puberty. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544313/

- Teilmann G, Pedersen CB, Jensen TK, Skakkebaek NE, Juul A. Prevalence and incidence of precocious pubertal development in Denmark: an epidemiologic study based on national registries. Pediatrics. 2005 Dec;116(6):1323-8. PMID: 16322154.

- Corripio, Raquel, Jose Labarta, Rafael Espino, and Jesu Argente. "Central Precocious Puberty in Children Living in Spain: Incidence, Prevalence, and Influence of Adoption and Immigration." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 95, no. 9 (2010): 4305-4313. Accessed Jan 22, 2024.

- Troise, Antonio D. "Maillard Reaction and Food Safety." Encyclopedia of Food Security and Sustainability, (2018): 364-369. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Ledl, Franz, and Erwin Schleicher. "New Aspects of the Maillard Reaction in Foods and the Human Body." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 29, no. 6 (1990): 565-594. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Tamanna, Nahid, and Niaz Mahmood. "Food Processing and Maillard Reaction Products: Effect on Human Health and Nutrition." International Journal of Food Science 2015, (2015). Accessed Jan 27, 2024.

- ALjahdali N, Carbonero F. Impact of Maillard reaction products on nutrition and health: Current knowledge and need to understand their fate in the human digestive system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(3):474-487. PMID: 28901784.

- Hellwig, Michael, Sabrina Gensberger-Reigl, Thomas Henle, and Monika Pischetsrieder. "Food-derived 1,2-dicarbonyl Compounds and Their Role in Diseases." Seminars in Cancer Biology 49, (2018): 1-8. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Nowotny, Kerstin, David Schröter, Monika Schreiner, and Tilman Grune. "Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Relevance for Human Health." Ageing Research Reviews 47, (2018): 55-66. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Zhang, Qiaozhi, Yanbo Wang, and Linglin Fu. "Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Perspectives Linking Food Processing with Health Implications." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 19, no. 5 (2020): 2559–2587. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Vistoli G, De Maddis D, Cipak A, Zarkovic N, Carini M, Aldini G. Advanced glycoxidation and lipoxidation end products (AGEs and ALEs): an overview of their formation mechanisms. Free Radic Res. 2013 Aug;47 Suppl 1:3-27. Doi: 10.3109/10715762.2013.815348. PMID: 23767955.

- . THORNALLEY, PAUL J. "Dicarbonyl Intermediates in the Maillard Reaction." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1043, no. 1 (2005): 111-117. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- EMJ Allergy Immunol Allergy & Immunology 2.1 2017. "Neoformed Compounds from the Maillard Reaction in Infant Formulas: A New Risk Factor for Allergy?". EMJ Allergy Immunol Allergy & Immunology 2.1 2017, Jan 24, 2017. https://www.emjreviews.com/allergy-immunology/article/neoformed-compounds-from-the-maillard-reaction-in-infant-formulas-a-new-risk-factor-for-allergy/.

- Erbersdobler, Helmut F., and Veronika Somoza. "Forty Years of Furosine – Forty Years of Using Maillard Reaction Products as Indicators of the Nutritional Quality of Foods." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 51, no. 4 (2007): 423-430. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Strizich, Garrett, Robert C. Kaplan, Keith M. Diaz, Amber L. Daigre, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Denise C. Vidot, Alan M. Delamater et al. "Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, no. 9 (2018): 3289–3298. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Hayashi, Nobuhiko, Joseph George, Masayoshi Takeuchi, Atsushi Fukumura, Nobuyuki Toshikuni, Tomiyasu Arisawa, and Mikihiro Tsutsumi. "Acetaldehyde-Derived Advanced Glycation Endproducts Promote Alcoholic Liver Disease." PLOS ONE 8, no. 7 (2013): e70034. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Leung, Christopher, Chandana B. Herath, Zhiyuan Jia, Sof Andrikopoulos, Bronwyn E. Brown, Michael J. Davies, Leni R. Rivera, John B. Furness, Josephine M. Forbes, and Peter W. Angus. "Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts Aggravate Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." World Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 35 (2016): 8026–8040. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Lopez-Moreno, Javier, Gracia M. Quintana-Navarro, Antonio Camargo, Rosa Jimenez-Lucena, Javier Delgado-Lista, Carmen Marin, Francisco J. Tinahones et al. "Dietary Fat Quantity and Quality Modifies Advanced Glycation End Products Metabolism in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 61, no. 8 (2017): 1601029. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Putte, Lennert V., Sofie D. Schrijver, and Peter Moortgat. "The Effects of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) on Dermal Wound Healing and Scar Formation: A Systematic Review." Scars, Burns & Healing 2, (2016). Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- FINOT, ANDRÉ. "Historical Perspective of the Maillard Reaction in Food Science." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1043, no. 1 (2005): 1–8. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Baye, Estifanos, Karen Walker, Sanjeeva Ranasinha, Arul Earnest, and Josephine M. Forbes. "Effect of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risks in Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomised Crossover Trial." Scientific Reports 7, 2017. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Kandaraki, Eleni A., Antonios Chatzigeorgiou, Efstathia Papageorgiou, Christina Piperi, Christos Adamopoulos, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Michael Koutsilieris, and Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis. "Advanced Glycation End Products Interfere in Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Signaling in Human Granulosa KGN Cells." Experimental Biology and Medicine, (2017). Accessed January 24, 2024.

- Cai, Weijing, Maya Ramdas, Li Zhu, Xue Chen, Gary E. Striker, and Helen Vlassara. "Oral Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) Promote Insulin Resistance and Diabetes by Depleting the Antioxidant Defenses AGE Receptor-1 and Sirtuin 1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 39 (2012): 15888-15893. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Sebeková K, Podracká L, Blazícek P, Syrová D, Heidland A, Schinzel R. Plasma levels of advanced glycation end products in children with renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2001 Dec;16(12):1105-12. PMID: 11793110.

- Ravichandran, G., G. Rathnakar, and N. Santhosh. "Effect of Heat Treated HNT on Physico-mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites." Composites Communications 13, (2019): 42–46. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Tantalaki E, Piperi C, Livadas S, Kollias A, Adamopoulos C, Koulouri A, Christakou C, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Impact of dietary modification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the hormonal and metabolic profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hormones (Athens). 2014 Jan-Mar;13(1):65-73. PMID: 24722128.

- Sohouli, Mohammad H., Abolfazl Lari, Somaye Fatahi, and Farzad Shidfar. "The Impact of Low Advanced Glycation End Products Diet on Obesity and Related Hormones: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Kellow, N J., and G S. Savige. "Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproduct Restriction for the Attenuation of Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Systematic Review." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, no. 3 (2013): 239-248. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Chen, JH., Lin, X., Bu, C. et al. Role of advanced glycation end products in mobility and considerations in possible dietary and nutritional intervention strategies. Nutr Metab (Lond) 15, 72 (2018).

- Kim, Yoona, Jennifer B. Keogh, Permal Deo, and Peter M. Clifton. "Differential Effects of Dietary Patterns on Advanced Glycation End Products: A Randomised Crossover Study." Nutrients 12, no. 6 2020. Accessed Jan 24, 2024.

- Zahra Golchinfar, Parastou Farshi, Maryam Mahmoudzadeh, Maryam Mohammadi, Mahnaz Tabibiazar & J. Scott Smith (2023) Last Five Years Development In Food Safety Perception of n-Carboxymethyl Lysine, Food Reviews International, 39:6, 3225–3261,

- Hull, George L., Jayne V. Woodside, Jennifer M. Ames, and Geraldine J. Cuskelly. "Nε-(Carboxymethyl)Lysine Content of Foods Commonly Consumed in a Western Style Diet." Food Chemistry 131, no. 1 (2012): 170–174. Accessed Jan 27, 2024.

- Niquet-Leridon, Céline and Frédéric J. Tessier. “Quantification of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine in selected chocolate-flavoured drink mixes using high-performance liquid chromatography–linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.” Food Chemistry 126 (2011): 655-663.

- Delgado-Andrade C. Carboxymethyl-lysine: thirty years of investigation in the field of AGE formation. Food Funct. 2016 Jan;7(1):46-57. PMID: 26462729.

- Ames, Jennifer M. "Determination OfNɛ-(Carboxymethyl)Lysine in Foods and Related Systems." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1126, no. 1 (2008): 20–24. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Hellwig M, Geissler S, Matthes R, Peto A, Silow C, Brandsch M, Henle T. Transport of free and peptide-bound glycated amino acids: synthesis, transepithelial flux at Caco-2 cell monolayers, and interaction with apical membrane transport proteins. Chembiochem. 2011 May 16;12(8):1270-9. PMID: 21538757.

- Helou, Cynthia, Matheus T. Nogueira Silva Lima, Céline Niquet-Leridon, Philippe Jacolot, Eric Boulanger, Florian Delguste, Axel Guilbaud et al. "Plasma Levels of Free NƐ-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) after Different Oral Doses of CML in Rats and after the Intake of Different Breakfasts in Humans: Postprandial Plasma Level of SRAGE in Humans." Nutrients 14, no. 9 2022. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Alamir I, Niquet-Leridon C, Jacolot P, Rodriguez C, Orosco M, Anton PM, Tessier FJ. Digestibility of extruded proteins and metabolic transit of N ε -carboxymethyllysine in rats. Amino Acids. 2013 Jun;44(6):1441-9. PMID: 23160731.

- Ottum, Mona S., and Anahita M. Mistry. "Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Modifiable Environmental Factors Profoundly Mediate Insulin Resistance." Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 57, no. 1 (2015): 1-12. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Yan SF, Ramasamy R, Naka Y, Schmidt AM. Glycation, inflammation, and RAGE: a scaffold for the macrovascular complications of diabetes and beyond. Circ Res. 2003 Dec 12;93(12):1159-69. PMID: 14670831.

- Vlassara, Helen, Weijing Cai, Jill Crandall, Teresia Goldberg, Robert Oberstein, Veronique Dardaine, Melpomeni Peppa, and Elliot J. Rayfield. "Inflammatory Mediators Are Induced by Dietary Glycotoxins, a Major Risk Factor for Diabetic Angiopathy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, no. 24 (2002): 15596-15601. Accessed January 29, 2024.

- Cai, Weijing, John C. He, Li Zhu, Xue Chen, Feng Zheng, Gary E. Striker, and Helen Vlassara. "Oral Glycotoxins Determine the Effects of Calorie Restriction on Oxidant Stress, Age-Related Diseases, and Lifespan." The American Journal of Pathology 173, no. 2 (2008): 327-336. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Dittrich R, Hoffmann I, Stahl P, Müller A, Beckmann MW, Pischetsrieder M. Concentrations of Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine in human breast milk, infant formulas, and urine of infants. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep 6;54(18):6924-8. PMID: 16939359.

- Thorpe SR, Baynes JW. Maillard reaction products in tissue proteins: new products and new perspectives. Amino Acids. 2003 Dec;25(3-4):275-81. PMID: 14661090.

- Levine, Rodney L., and Earl R. Stadtman. "Oxidative Modification of Proteins during Aging." Experimental Gerontology 36, no. 9 (2001): 1495–1502. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Morgan, Philip E., Roger T. Dean, and Michael J. Davies. "Inactivation of Cellular Enzymes by Carbonyls and Protein-bound Glycation/Glycoxidation Products." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 403, no. 2 (2002): 259–269. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Susanna M. Hofmann, Heng-Jiang Dong, Zhu Li, Weijing Cai, Jennifer Altomonte, Swan N. Thung, Feng Zeng, Edward A. Fisher, Helen Vlassara; Improved Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated With Restricted Intake of Dietary Glycoxidation Products in the db/db Mouse. Diabetes Jul 1 2002; 51 (7): 2082–2089.

- Cengiz, Serdar, Cemalettin Kişmiroğlu, Nur Çebi, Jale Çatak, and Mustafa Yaman. "Determination of the Most Potent Precursors of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Chips, Crackers, and Breakfast Cereals by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Using Precolumn Derivatization with 4-nitro-1,2-phenlenediamine." Microchemical Journal 158, (2020): 105170. Accessed January 29, 2024.

- Jalil, Abduladheem T., Ameer A. Alameri, Rumi I. Doewes, Amr A. El-Sehrawy, Irfan Ahmad, Pushpamala Ramaiah, Mustafa M. Kadhim et al. "Circulating and Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Obesity in an Adult Population: A Paradox of Their Detrimental Effects in Obesity." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13, 2022. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Semba, Richard D., Lenore Arab, Kai Sun, Emily J. Nicklett, and Luigi Ferrucci. "Fat Mass Is Inversely Associated with Serum Carboxymethyl-Lysine, An Advanced Glycation End Product, in Adults," The Journal of Nutrition 141, no. 9 (2011): 1726-1730. Accessed Jan 29, 2024.

- Karayiannis D, Kontogianni MD, Mendorou C, Mastrominas M, Yiannakouris N. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IVF success rate among non-obese women attempting fertility. Hum Reprod. 2018 Mar 1;33(3):494-502. PMID: 29390148.

- Tatone C, Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Amicarelli F. Dicarbonyl stress and glyoxalases in ovarian function. Biochem Soc Trans. 2014 Apr;42(2):433-8. PMID: 24646256.

- Goldberg T, Cai W, Peppa M, Dardaine V, Baliga BS, Uribarri J, Vlassara H. Advanced glycoxidation end products in commonly consumed foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Aug;104(8):1287-91

- URIBARRI, JAIME, SANDRA WOODRUFF, SUSAN GOODMAN, WEIJING CAI, XUE CHEN, RENATA PYZIK, ANGIE YONG, GARY E. STRIKER, and HELEN VLASSARA. "Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods and a Practical Guide to Their Reduction in the Diet." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 110, no. 6 (2010): 911. Accessed January 27, 2024.

- Clarke, Rachel E., Aimee L. Dordevic, Sih M. Tan, Lisa Ryan, and Melinda T. Coughlan. "Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials." Nutrients 8, no. 3 2016. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Baye, Estifanos, Velislava Kiriakova, Jaime Uribarri, and Lisa J. Moran. "Consumption of Diets with Low Advanced Glycation End Products Improves Cardiometabolic Parameters: Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials." Scientific Reports 7, (2017). Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Birlouez-Aragon, Inès, Giselle Saavedra, Frédéric J. Tessier, Anne Galinier, Lamia Ait-Ameur, Florence Lacoste, Claude Niamba, Nadja Alt, Veronika Somoza, and Jean Lecerf. "A Diet Based on High-heat-treated Foods Promotes Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 5 (2010): 1220-1226. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Uribarri, Jaime, Weijing Cai, Maya Ramdas, Susan Goodman, Renata Pyzik, Xue Chen, Li Zhu, Gary E. Striker, and Helen Vlassara. "Restriction of Advanced Glycation End Products Improves Insulin Resistance in Human Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Role of AGER1 and SIRT1." Diabetes Care 34, no. 7 (2011): 1610–1616. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Schleicher E, Friess U. Oxidative stress, AGE, and atherosclerosis. Kidney Int Suppl. 2007 Aug;(106):S17-26.

- Susanna M. Hofmann, Heng-Jiang Dong, Zhu Li, Weijing Cai, Jennifer Altomonte, Swan N. Thung, Feng Zeng, Edward A. Fisher, Helen Vlassara; Improved Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated With Restricted Intake of Dietary Glycoxidation Products in the db/db Mouse. Diabetes Jul 1 2002; 51 (7): 2082–2089.

- Hull, George L., Jayne V. Woodside, Jennifer M. Ames, and Geraldine J. Cuskelly. "Nε-(Carboxymethyl)Lysine Content of Foods Commonly Consumed in a Western Style Diet." Food Chemistry 131, no. 1 (2012): 170–174. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Dhungana, Suraj, James E. Carlson, Wimal Pathmasiri, Susan McRitchie, Matt Davis, Susan Sumner, and Susan E. Appt. "Impact of a Western Diet on the Ovarian and Serum Metabolome." Maturitas 92, (2016): 134-142. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Volk, Katrina M., Veronika V. Pogrebna, Jackson A. Roberts, Jennifer E. Zachry, Sarah N. Blythe, and Natalia Toporikova. "High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet Disrupts the Preovulatory Hormone Surge and Induces Cystic Ovaries in Cycling Female Rats." Journal of the Endocrine Society 1, no. 12 (2017): 1488-1505. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Aiken, Catherine E., Jane L. Tarry-Adkins, Naomi C. Penfold, Laura Dearden, and Susan E. Ozanne. "Decreased Ovarian Reserve, Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Increased Lipid Peroxidation in Female Mouse Offspring Exposed to an Obesogenic Maternal Diet." The FASEB Journal 30, no. 4 (2016): 1548-1556. Accessed Jan 30, 2024..

- Andrews, Mary A., Karen C. Schliep, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Joseph B. Stanford, Shvetha M. Zarek, Rose G. Radin, Lindsey A. Sjaarda et al. "Dietary Factors and Luteal Phase Deficiency in Healthy Eumenorrheic Women." Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) 30, no. 8 2015: 1942-1951. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Pasquali, Renato; Patton, Laura; Gambineri, Alessandra. Obesity and infertility. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity 14(6):p 482-487, December 2007.

- Epplein, Meira, Susan D. Reed, Lynda F. Voigt, Katherine M. Newton, Victoria L. Holt, and Noel S. Weiss. "Risk of Complex and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia in Relation to Anthropometric Measures and Reproductive History." American Journal of Epidemiology 168, no. 6 (2008)

- Bishop, C V., R L. Stouffer, D L. Takahashi, E C. Mishler, M C. Wilcox, O D. Slayden, and C A. True. "Chronic Hyperandrogenemia and Western-style Diet Beginning at Puberty Reduces Fertility and Increases Metabolic Dysfunction during Pregnancy in Young Adult, Female Macaques." Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) 33, no. 4 (2018): 694–705. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Red Meat and Processed Meat. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2018. PMID: 29949327.

- De Smet, Stefaan, and Els Vossen. "Meat: The Balance between Nutrition and Health. A Review." Meat Science 120, (2016): 145-156. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- Scheijen, Jean L., Nordin M. Hanssen, Marleen M. Van Greevenbroek, Carla J. Van der Kallen, Edith J. Feskens, Coen D. Stehouwer, and Casper G. Schalkwijk. "Dietary Intake of Advanced Glycation Endproducts Is Associated with Higher Levels of Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Plasma and Urine: The CODAM Study." Clinical Nutrition 37, no. 3 (2018): 919-925. Accessed Jan 30, 2024.

- National Organization for Rare Disorders. (2016). Precocious Puberty. Retrieved May 15, 2018, from https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/precocious-puberty/.

Downloads

Published

2024-07-08

How to Cite

Nutsubidze, T., Obolashvili, K., Bakhtadze, M., Garuchava, G., Nair, K. S., & Giorgadze, E. (2024). Ultra-processed Food, Carboxymethyl-lysine and Pubertal Development in Girls. Scientific Journal „Spectri“, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.52340/spectri.2024.09.01.01

Issue

Section

Articles
Loading...