ანოტაცია
Introduction
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by reduced dopamine release due to neuronal apoptosis and alpha-synuclein aggregation due to mutation, misfolded proteins and oxidative stress. The current therapeutic approach involves deep brain stimulation and usage of dopamine replacement drugs. The major challenges faced by the current treatment modalities include the reduced permeability of BBB and reduced bioavailability. Emerging Nanotechnology based drug delivery system offers novel strategies for drug delivery, decreased alpha-synuclein aggregation and increased drug absorption. This complemented with a diet rich in marine products, is found to manage depression symptoms in PD patients. Here, we provide a concise overview of these emerging modalities, summarizing their pre-clinical and clinical progress, delivery and safety challenges.
Methods
A literature review of papers from 2019 to 2025 with a targeted approach towards keywords such as ‘Nanotechnology’, ‘innovations in Parkinson’s’, ‘alpha-synuclein’ through platforms such as pubmed, google scholar, science direct, frontiers to investigate the effect of nanotechnology in Parkinson disease patients
Results
Emerging nanocarriers such as metal nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots and cerium oxide NPs proposed the possibility to break down α-synuclein fibrils, decrease mitochondrial damage, and restore synaptic function in PD models with low toxicity. Lipid-based formulations such as SLNs and APP-targeted liposomes enabled controlled, sustained release of dopamine, improving motor outcomes. Intranasal delivery of nanoemulsified anti-inflammatory agents like ibuprofen showed improved CNS bioavailability and neuroprotection in MPTP mouse models. Novel brain-penetrating nanoparticles combined with MR-guided focused ultrasound achieved long-lasting GDNF expression, leading to neuron preservation and motor symptom reversal. Nanomaterial-based sensor arrays achieved up to 84% precision in distinguishing PD patients from controls via breath analysis. Out of 29 patients who received marine metabolite diet in a 12-week trial, all of them were relieved from depressive symptoms in PD.
Conclusion
Nanotechnology presents an innovative, targeted management of Parkinson's disease (PD) with enhanced drug delivery, reduced oxidative stress, and potentially different disease modification. Preclinical studies hold hope with antioxidant nanoparticles stopping alpha-synuclein fibril development. Such advancements prioritizing nanomedicine's therapeutic applications and regenerative options are facing challenges with regard to long-term safety, bioavailability, and mass commercial manufacture. Progressing pathways target nano-bio interaction optimization and augmentation of therapy by lifestyle measures paving the way for personalized disease-modifying PD treatment.
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