Keywords
virus
vaccines
antiviral therapy
orthopoxvirus
How to Cite
Abstract
The monkeypox virus (MPV) is the cause of monkeypox, a zoonotic viral illness that has become a major worldwide health issue because of its changing epidemiology, increased human-to-human transmission, and potential for large-scale outbreaks. The disease has mostly been endemic in Central and West Africa since it was first discovered in humans in 1970. The recent epidemics in 2022 and 2024, however, highlight how urgently a thorough grasp of its clinical presentations, diagnostic techniques, and treatment measures is needed. The severity of this illness varies according to the host's immune status, although it usually manifests as fever, lymphadenopathy, and a progressive rash. Immunocompromised people are more susceptible to serious side effects, such as bacterial superinfections, pneumonia, and encephalitis, even though the majority of cases resolve on their own. Men who have sex with men (MSM) were the majority of those infected by the 2022 outbreak, indicating possible sexual transmission. The primary methods of diagnosis are histopathological analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)--based testing that targets conserved MPV genes. Vaccination programs and antiviral medications are essential for controlling outbreaks. The reappearance of monkeypox calls for better public health preparedness, faster diagnostic capabilities, and more surveillance. Future studies should concentrate on tailored antiviral treatments, next-generation vaccinations, and novel diagnostic techniques based on nanotechnology. To minimize future outbreaks and keep monkeypox from becoming a persistent worldwide danger, a coordinated, interdisciplinary strategy is essential.
References
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