Medieval communal - religious architecture of the city of Shakhrisabz

Abstract

The architecture of the Kashkadarya region, like other regions of Uzbekistan, has a thousand-year history. This can be learned from the monuments found as a result of archaeological excavations carried out in the region. On the territory of Kashkadarya there are vast fields, irrigated and suitable for growing lalmi, steppes and pastures, favorable for the development of animal husbandry. This situation had a direct impact on the nature of local art. It also contains the traditions of the culture of nomadic and settled tribes. We can say that urban planning in the oasis is developed at a high level. A large number of settlements arose on the territory of the region, which developed uniformly in the traditions of urban culture. The cities of the Kashkadarya oasis served as transit points on important trade routes in Central Asia.Shakhrisabz is a historical city of Uzbekistan with unique monuments achieved by the peoples of Central Asia in the field of architecture and urban planning. Famous architectural monuments of the XIV century and those built in the first half of the XV century have been preserved here. They were built on the initiative of Amir Temur and Mirzo Ulugbek.The communal-religious zone of Shakhrisabz - large sanctuaries were built in the southeastern part of the city in the XIV-XV centuries. The most famous of them are "Dar us-siyadat" and "Dar ut-tilovat" - a complex of mosques, madrasahs and tombs that Amir Temur built for himself and his descendants. Historian Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi writes about the events of 1394 in his book "Zafarname" (Book of Victory) "Construct a special building in Shakhrisabz (Amir Temur pointed out), that his son Amirzade Jahangir and other sons and officials should be placed in it. [one].Dar us siyadat is a huge building, the height of which reaches about 70 m to 50 m. The entrance leads to the room of God, from which the tomb of Amir Timur was planned, in the middle of which there is an underground reservoir. In the second half of the 16th century, during one of the attacks of Abdullakhan II, the complex was destroyed. The tomb of Jahongir was the basis for the existence of the Darus Siyadat complex. During the construction of the mausoleum of Jahongir, the structure of the first appearance of the tahmon and the dome was determined from the inside by a richly decorated “muqarnas” (eight star - author's editorial) with a trench, the remains of which are still preserved.