PREDICTING MORTALITY OF COVID PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES (Review Article)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.02.18Аннотация
Covid-19, an ongoing pandemic, is an emerging ground with several published studies. In general, Covid-19 infections occurring in pre-existing comorbidities stand with the greatest risk of mortality. Importantly, Age is a significant unmodifiable factor that further worsens outcomes. This paper aims to propose a prediction score for the mortality risk of Covid-19 in certain chronic conditions.
Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
Abdi A, Jalilian M, Sarbarzeh PA, Vlaisavljevic Z. Diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review on the current evidences. Diabetes Res ClinPract 2020; 166:108347.
Aleva FE, Voets L, Simons SO, et al. Prevalence and localization of pulmonary embolism in unexplained acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest 2017; 151: 544–54.
Allard R, Leclerc P, Tremblay C, Tannenbaum TN. Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Diabetes Care 2010;33(7):1491-93.
Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, et al. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233147.
Argenziano MG, Bruce SL, Slater CL, et al. Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020;369:m1996.
Babuin L, Vasile VC, Rio Perez JA, Alegria JR, Chai HS, Afessa B, Jaffe AS. Elevated cardiac troponin is an independent risk factor for short- and long-term mortality in medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 2008 Mar;36(3):759-65.
Badawi A, Ryoo SG. Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2016;49:129-33.
Badawi A, Ryoo SG. Prevalence of Diabetes in the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Public Health Res. 2016;5(3):733.
Bartoletti M GM, Scudeller L, Tedeschi S, et al. Predictors of severe respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: development and validation of a prediction model (PREDI-CO study). ClinMicrobiol Infect 2020;
Bello-Chavolla OY, Bahena-López JP, Antonio-Villa NE, et al. Predicting Mortality Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Mechanistic Score Relating Obesity and Diabetes to COVID-19 Outcomes in Mexico. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2020;105(8): dgaa346.
Butler MJ, Barrientos RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain BehavImmun 2020; 87:53-54.
Caci G, Albini A, Malerba M, Noonan DM, Pochetti P, Polosa R. COVID-19 and Obesity: Dangerous Liaisons. J Clin Med 2020;9(8):2511.
Cai G, Bosse Y, Xiao F, et al. Tobacco smoking increases the lung gene expression of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2020; 201: 1557−59.
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;382(19):1787-99.
Cariou B, Hadjadj S, Wargny M, et al. Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study [published correction appears in Diabetologia. 2020 Jul 2;]. Diabetologia 2020;63(8):1500-15.
Chakraborty A, Tannenbaum S, Rordorf C, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of canakinumab, a human anti-interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody. ClinPharmacokin2012;51(6):e1-e18.
Chen D, Li X, Song Q, et al. Assessment of Hypokalemia and Clinical Characteristics in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wenzhou, China. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3(6):e2011122.
Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395: 1763–70.
Dhakal BP, Sweitzer NK, Indik JH, Acharya D, William P. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: COVID-19 Heart. Heart Lung Circ 2020;29(7):973-87.
Dietz W, Santos-Burgoa C. Obesity and its Implications for COVID-19 Mortality. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(6):1005.
Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, et al. Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ 2020; 369: m1985.
Emami A, Javanmardi F, Akbari A, et al. Survival rate in hypertensive patients with COVID-19. ClinExpHypertens 2021;43(1):77-80.
Fernandez C, Rysä J, Almgren P, et al. Plasma levels of the proproteinconvertasefurin and incidence of diabetes and mortality. J Intern Med 2018;284(4):377-87.
Finer N, Garnett SP, Bruun JM. COVID-19 and obesity. ClinObes 2020;10(3):e12365.
Finney LJ, Glanville N, Farne H, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids downregulate the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in COPD through suppression of type I interferon. bioRxiv 2020.
Ge XY, Li JL, Yang XL, et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2013;503(7477):535-538.
Geerdink JX, Simons SO, Pike R, et al. Differences in systemic adaptive immunity contribute to the 'frequent exacerbator' COPD phenotype. Respir Res 2016; 17:140.
Giudicessi JR, Noseworthy PA, Friedman PA, Ackerman MJ. Urgent Guidance for Navigating and Circumventing the QTc-Prolonging and Torsadogenic Potential of Possible Pharmacotherapies for Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Mayo ClinProc 2020;95(6):1213-21.
Gorricho J, Garjón J, Alonso A, et al. Use of oral antidiabetic agents and risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a nested case-control study. Br J ClinPharmacol 2017;83(9):2034-44.
Grundy S, Plumb J, Lea S, et al. Down regulation of T cell receptor expression in COPD pulmonary CD8 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71629.
Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. EurRespir J 2020;55(5):2000547.
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708–20.
Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, et al. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [published correction appears in JAMA Cardiol. 2020 Jul 1;5(7):848]. JAMA Cardiol 2020;5(7):811-18.
Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, et al. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 31]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; e3319.
Halpin DMG, Singh D, Hadfield RM. Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective. EurRespir J 2020; 55:2001009.
Heart Failure Biomarkers in COVID-19. American College of cardiology, expert analysis. Cardiology.https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/07/27/09/25/heart-failure-biomarkers-in-covid-19
Higham A, Mathioudakis A, Vestbo J, Singh D. COVID-19 and COPD: a narrative review of the basic science and clinical outcomes. European Respiratory Review. 2020;29(158):200199.
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2):271-280.e8.
Hsu AC, Parsons K, Moheimani F, et al. Impaired antiviral stress granule and IFN-beta enhanceosome formation enhances susceptibility to influenza infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease epithelium. Am J Respir Cell MolBiol 2016; 55: 117–27.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;]. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
Husebo GR, Gabazza E, D'Alessandro C, et al. Coagulation markers in COPD. EurRespir J 2018; 52: Suppl. 62, OA1937
Hussain A, Mahawar K, Xia Z, Yang W, El-Hasani S. Obesity and mortality of COVID-19. Meta-analysis. Obes Res ClinPract 2020;14(4):295-300.
Iacobellis G. COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role? Diabetes Res ClinPract 2020; 162:108125.
Izquierdo J, Almonacid C, González Y et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on Patients with Asthma. EurResp J 2020:2003142.
Jayaseelan VP, Paramasivam A. Repurposing calcium channel blockers as antiviral drugs. J CellCommun Signal 2020;14(4):467-68.
Ji HL, Zhao R, Matalon S, Matthay MA. Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility. Physiol Rev 2020;100(3):1065-75.
Kai H, Kai M. Interactions of coronaviruses with ACE2, angiotensin II, and RAS inhibitors-lessons from available evidence and insights into COVID-19. Hypertens Res 2020;43(7):648-54.
Kalathil SG, Lugade AA, Pradhan V, et al. T-regulatory cells and programmed death 1+ T cells contribute to effector T-cell dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2014; 190:40–50.
Kasahara Y, Tuder RM, Cool CD, et al. Endothelial cell death and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in emphysema. Am JRespCrit Care 2001;163: 737–44.
Korakas E, Ikonomidis I, Kousathana F, et al. Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes. Am J PhysiolEndocrinolMetab 2020;319(1):E105-E109.
Kulcsar KA, Coleman CM, Beck SE, Frieman MB. Comorbid diabetes results in immune dysregulation and enhanced disease severity following MERS-CoV infection. JCI Insight. 2019;4(20):e131774.
Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. EurRespJ2020; 55:2000688.
Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol 2020;109(5):531-38.
Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang H, Deng A. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol 2020;5(7):825–30.
Li M, Dong Y, Wang H, et al. Cardiovascular disease potentially contributes to the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19. NutrMetabCardiovasc Dis 2020;30(7):1061-67.
Lippi G, Henry BM Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Intern Med 2020; 75: 107–8.
Liu PP, Blet A, Smyth D, Li H. The Science Underlying COVID-19: Implications for the Cardiovascular System. Circulation. 2020;142(1):68-78.
Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 31]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; e33213321.
Marcello RK, Dolle J, Grami S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in New York City's Public Hospital System. medRxiv 2020;
Miller EJ, Linge HM. Age-Related Changes in Immunological and Physiological Responses Following Pulmonary Challenge. Int J MolSci 2017;18(6):1294.
Milner JJ, Beck MA. The impact of obesity on the immune response to infection. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71(2):298-306.
Minakata Y, Nakanishi M, Hirano T, et al. Microvascularhyperpermeability in COPD airways. Thorax 2005; 60: 882.
Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Del Ciampo LA, Ferraz IS, Del Ciampo IRL, Contini AA, Ued FDV. COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020;96(5):546-58.
Pal R, Bhadada SK. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes MetabSyndr2020;14(4):513-17.
Paranjpe I, Russak A, De Freitas JK, et al. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized Covid-19 patients in New York City. medRxiv 2020; preprint [https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.20062117].
Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2020;22(9):1653-56.
Peters MC, Sajuthi S, Deford P, et al. COVID-19 related genes in sputum cells in asthma: relationship to demographic features and corticosteroids. Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2020; 202: 83−90.
Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020;369:m1966.
Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area [published correction appears in JAMA. 2020 May 26;323(20):2098]. JAMA 2020;323(20):2052-59.
Roca-Ho H, Riera M, Palau V, Pascual J, Soler MJ. Characterization of ACE and ACE2 Expression within Different Organs of the NOD Mouse. Int J MolSci 2017;18(3):563.
Romaní-Pérez M, Outeiriño-Iglesias V, Moya CM, et al. Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor by Liraglutide Increases ACE2 Expression, Reversing Right Ventricle Hypertrophy, and Improving the Production of SP-A and SP-B in the Lungs of Type 1 Diabetes Rats. Endocrinol 2015;156(10):3559-69.
Rossato M, Russo L, Mazzocut S, Di Vincenzo A, Fioretto P, Vettor R. Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2020 Jun;55(6):2001290
Saenger AK, Rodriguez-Fraga O, Ler R, et al. Specificity of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assays: Cross-Reactivity with Different BNP, NT-proBNP, and proBNP Peptides. ClinChem 2017;63(1):351-58.
Saijonmaa O, Nyman T, Fyhrquist F. Carvedilol inhibits basal and stimulated ACE production in human endothelial cells. J CardiovascPharmacol 2004;43(5):616-21.
Salamanna F, Maglio M, Landini MP, Fini M. Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020; 7:594495.
Sanchis-Gomar F, Lavie CJ, Mehra MR, Henry BM, Lippi G. Obesity and Outcomes in COVID-19: When an Epidemic and Pandemic Collide. Mayo ClinProc 2020;95(7):1445-53.
Sardu C, Marfella R, Maggi P, et al. Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19. BMC CardiovascDisord 2020;20(1):373.
Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JJV. Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection: Multiple Potential Mechanisms. Circulation. 2020;142(1):4-6.
Schultze A, Walker AJ, MacKenna B, et al. Inhaled corticosteroid use and risk COVID-19 related death among 966,461 patients with COPD or asthma: an OpenSAFELY analysis. medRxiv 2020;
Simões e Silva AC, Silveira KD, Ferreira AJ, Teixeira MM. ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor axis in inflammation and fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2013;169(3):477-92.
Singh AK, Gupta R, Ghosh A, Misra A. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes MetabSyndr 2020;14(4):303-10.
Skayem C, Ayoub N. Carvedilol and COVID-19: A Potential Role in Reducing Infectivity and Infection Severity of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Med Sci 2020;360(3):300.
Smith JC, Sausville EL, Girish V, et al. Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract. Dev Cell 2020; 53: 514−29.
Solt CM, Hill JL, Vanderpool K, Foster MT. Obesity-induced immune dysfunction and immunosuppression: TEM observation of visceral and subcutaneous lymph node microarchitecture and immune cell interactions. HormMolBiolClinInvestig 2019;39(2):/j/hmbci.2019.39.issue-2/hmbci-2018-0083/hmbci-2018-0083.xml.
Somer M, Kallio J, Pesonen U, Pyykkö K, Huupponen R, Scheinin M. Influence of hydroxychloroquine on the bioavailability of oral metoprolol. Br J ClinPharmacol 2000;49(6):549-54.
Stefanini GG, Chiarito M, Ferrante G, et al. Early detection of elevated cardiac biomarkers to optimise risk stratification in patients with COVID-19. Heart 2020;106(19):1512-18.
Stolarczyk E. Adipose tissue inflammation in obesity: a metabolic or immune response? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:35-40.
Tadic M, Cuspidi C, Sala C. COVID-19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence? J ClinHypertens (Greenwich) 2020;22(6):943-48.
Tanoira R P, Garcia F P, Romanyk J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for mortality related to COVID-19 in a severely affected area of Madrid, Spain. medRxiv 2020;
Vaidyula VR, Criner GJ, Grabianowski C, et al. Circulating tissue factor procoagulant activity is elevated in stable moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thromb Res 2009; 124: 259–61.
Wang YD, Zhang SP, Wei QZ, et al. COVID-19 complicated with DIC: 2 cases report and literatures review. ZhonghuaXue Ye XueZaZhi. 2020;41(3):245-47.
Wedzicha JA, Calverley PM, Rabe KF. Roflumilast: a review of its use in the treatment of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:81-90.
Wei JF, Huang FY, Xiong TY, et al. Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and impairs their prognosis. Heart. 2020;106(15):1154-1159.
World Health Organization. Tobacco. Updated May 27, 2020.
World Health Organization. Weekly operational update on COVID-19 - 1 February 2021(https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-operational-update-on-covid-19---1-february-2021).
Wu Q, Zhou L, Sun X, et al. Altered Lipid Metabolism in Recovered SARS Patients Twelve Years after Infection. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):9110.
Xie Y, You Q, Wu C, et al. Impact of Cardiovascular Disease on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Circ J 2020;84(8):1277-83.
Xiong TY, Redwood S, Prendergast B, Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J 2020;41(19):1798-800.
Yang JK, Feng Y, Yuan MY, et al. Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS. Diabet Med 2006;23(6):623-28.
Yang JK, Lin SS, Ji XJ, Guo LM. Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes. ActaDiabetol. 2010;47(3):193-199. Zhang W, Xu YZ, Liu B, et al. Pioglitazone upregulates angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression in insulin-sensitive tissues in rats with high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci World J 2014; 2014:603409.
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-73.
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
