GUT-MICROBIOME-BRAIN AXIS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE (Review Article)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2022.02.19Abstract
The relationship between the nervous system and microbiota opened up research opportunities that can significantly change the management of several neurological disorders. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis helped us understand how the information is relayed between the brain and the enteric nervous system. This connection demonstrated how, in Parkinson’s disease, the alpha- synuclein accumulates in different organs, resulting in a wide array of symptoms. Moreover, pathways such as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the neuroinflammatory pathway, and neuroactive molecules are associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms and altered gut microbiota have been noted in patients several years before other significant clinical symptoms appeared. The role of alpha-synuclein accumulation and environmental factors that disrupt the natural flora of the gut in the overall progression of PD has been observed through well documented clinical studies on mice. With the current knowledge that has been established, the alteration of gut microbiota using recently explored treatment options such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary changes, and certain antibiotics can prevent the progressive symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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