AFLATOXINS AND AFLATOXICOSIS, A NEW OR FORGOTTEN OLD CHALLENGE IN THE BACKGROUND OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES

AHMED MOHAMED MOHAMED MOHAMED KESHK; SALEM MOHAMED SALEM MUSSA; AHMED KHALAF ADBELFATTAH KHEDR; ZAID ISSAM SALEH ALHAMARSHEH; MOHAMED AHMED TALAAT MAHDEY; ABDALLAH ELEMI; MOHAMED ABDALLA AHMED AHMED ELSHENNAWI SELIM; DAVIT SIRBILADZE; MAIA BERUASHVILI; NINO DIDBARIDZE

doi:10.52340/jecm.2024.04.29

AFLATOXINS AND AFLATOXICOSIS, A NEW OR FORGOTTEN OLD CHALLENGE IN THE BACKGROUND OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES

Authors

AHMED MOHAMED MOHAMED MOHAMED KESHK Tbilisi State Medical University
SALEM MOHAMED SALEM MUSSA Tbilisi State Medical University
AHMED KHALAF ADBELFATTAH KHEDR Tbilisi State Medical University
ZAID ISSAM SALEH ALHAMARSHEH Tbilisi State Medical University
MOHAMED AHMED TALAAT MAHDEY Ilia State University
ABDALLAH ELEMI New Vision University
MOHAMED ABDALLA AHMED AHMED ELSHENNAWI SELIM Tbilisi State Medical University
DAVIT SIRBILADZE INVET Ltd Co GEORGIA - Veterinary Company
MAIA BERUASHVILI European university
NINO DIDBARIDZE Tbilisi State Medical University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52340/jecm.2024.04.29

Keywords:

Climate change, aflatoxins, global health, Hepatitis B and C, hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins parasiticus. Aflatoxins are toxic and among the most carcinogenic substances known. After entering the body, aflatoxins are metabolized by the liver to a reactive intermediate, aflatoxin M, an epoxide.

The occurrence of aflatoxins is influenced by the climate changes (temperature and humidity-warm and wet is worst); so, the extent of contamination will vary with geographic location, agricultural and agronomic practices, and the susceptibility of peanuts (etc.) to fungus before they are harvested and during storage and/or processing periods. Aflatoxins have received greater attention than any other mycotoxins because they clearly have a potent carcinogenic effect in laboratory rats and their poisonous effects in humans.

Studies have shown that concurrent infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during aflatoxin exposure increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Aflatoxin is associated with both toxicity and carcinogenicity in human and animal populations. Acute aflatoxicosis results in death, where's chronic aflatoxicosis results in more prolonged pathologic changes including cancer and immunosuppression.

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