Seasonal Dynamics of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Selected Thermal Waters in Adjara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52340/ijch.2025.01.01Keywords:
thermalwaters, fieldmeasurements, physicochemicalparameters, elementalanalysis, biological invasionAbstract
A seasonal investigation was carried out on selected thermal water sources in the Adjara region, specifically in Makhinjauri, Akhalsopeli, and Leghva. The contemporary landscape mosaic surrounding each thermal site was evaluated. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the water samples were measured under field conditions. In laboratory conditions, the ionic composition, along with the concentrations of macroelements and microelements, was analyzed. To assess water quality, the abundance of saprophytic and coliform bacteria was quantified. Furthermore, accompanying gases were examined to determine hydrocarbon composition. The results of this comprehensive study were interpreted in the context of seasonal variation, with the objective of identifying potential avenues for the sustainable utilization of these thermal waters.
Downloads
References
Melikadze, G. (2006). Monitoring and Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Groundwater in the Territory of Georgia for the Solution of Ecological and Seismic Problems. Doctoral Dissertation in Geological and Mineralogical Sciences. Tbilisi, 182 p.
https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/151887/1/Disertacia.pdf
Saakashvili, N., Tarkhan-Mouravi, I., Tabidze, M., &Kutateladze, N. (2011). Balneography and Resort Therapy of Georgia. Georgian Herald Publishing, Tbilisi, 159 p. ISBN: 978-9941-0-3275-2
https://dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/9679/1/Sakurorto_Terapia.pdf
Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia. (2022). Fourth National Environmental Action Programme of Georgia 2022–2026 (Draft). Prepared with the support of UNDP and the Government of Sweden.
https://mepa.gov.ge/ge/Files/ViewFile/53107
Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia. (2002). Order No. 310/N on the List of Water Bodies Classified as Therapeutic and Hygienic Requirements for Mineral Water Quality. Tbilisi.
https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/54664?publication=0
Gurgenidze, M. (2019). Impact of Environmental Conditions on Human Health: A Case Study of the Upper Supsa River Basin. Master’s Thesis in Geography. Tbilisi, 125 p.
Maximum Permissible Discharge (MPD) Norms of Pollutants Discharged with Wastewater into Surface Water Bodies (2020–2025). 151 p.
https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2188404?publication=0
Conference Proceedings: Regional Development Perspectives – Samtskhe-Javakheti. Tbilisi, 2016, 252 p.
http://samtskhe-javakheti.tsu.ge/uploads/media/samcxe-javaxeti-konferencia.pdf
GOST 23268.1-91. Mineral Drinking Waters (Therapeutic, Therapeutic-Table, Natural Table Waters) – Methods for Determining Organoleptic Characteristics and Bottle Volume. 4 p.
https://meganorm.ru/Data/103/10357.pdf
GOST 23268.9-78. Mineral Drinking Waters – Method for Determining Nitrate Ions.
GOST 23268.8-78. Mineral Drinking Waters – Method for Determining Nitrite Ions.
GOST 31954-2012. Drinking Water – Methods for Determining Hardness (ISO 6059:1984, NEQ; ISO 7980:1986, NEQ). 18 p.
https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data2/1/4293783/4293783515.pdf
GOST 18309-2014. Water – Methods for Determining Phosphorus-Containing Substances (ISO 6878:2004, NEQ). 24 p.
https://ohranatruda.ru/upload/iblock/f7b/4293767364.pdf
Zhen Hao Lee, Qi An Tan, Shimadzu Corporation. Application Note: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Component Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Gas-Liquid Chromatography.
ISO 9308. Water Quality — Enumeration of Escherichia coli and Coliform Bacteria.
https://www.iso.org/standard/55832.html
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Multi-Component Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Gas-Liquid Chromatography.https://studfile.net/preview/9024055/page:4/
Kiknadze, N., Gvarishvili, N., Dumbadze, G., Jashi, D., & Nakashidze, N. (2018). Seasonal Dynamics of Physical-Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Rivers in the Black Sea Basin in Adjara Region and Their Ecological Evaluation. In: SGEM 2018 Conference Proceedings, Vol. 18, Issue 1.5: Water Resources, Forest Ecosystems, pp. 443–450. Sofia, Bulgaria. ISBN: 978-619-7408-72-0; ISSN: 1314-2704.DOI: 10.5593/sgem2018/1.5
