Mulching as a Measure for Increasing Crop Yields and Preventing Soil Erosion

Abstract

The paper discusses the critical role of mulching as a modern agrotechnological practice in increasing crop yields and effectively combating soil erosion. It presents an analysis of various forms of mulching, such as organic and inorganic types, examining their specific characteristics and areas of application. Special attention is given to the positive impact of mulch on the physical and chemical properties of soil, including the maintenance of optimal moisture levels—which, according to research, can reduce irrigation water needs by up to 50%—and the regulation of soil temperature regimes. The importance of mulching in weed control is also discussed, with potential reductions in weed spread ranging from 70% to 90%, thereby decreasing the need for herbicides. The paper analyzes mulch's function as a protective barrier that slows erosion processes; studies show that mulching can reduce soil wash-off by more than 90%, particularly on sloped land. Additionally, the contribution of organic mulch to improving soil fertility is emphasized, through increased organic matter content, which may rise by 0.5% to 1% annually. The study highlights the multifaceted economic benefits of mulching, including yield increases ranging from 20% to 100%, depending on the crop, as well as its ecological importance in promoting the principles of sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.