Keywords
water quality
ecological condition
microbiological pollution
physicochemical indicators
anthropogenic impact
How to Cite
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the ecological condition of Lake Lisi water based on physicochemical, organoleptic, and microbiological indicators. The study was conducted seasonally throughout 2025 at two sampling zones of the lake: the pier-platform area and the reed-marsh zone. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, mineralization, turbidity, biological and chemical oxygen demand, biogenic elements, petroleum products, and microbiological parameters were investigated.
The results demonstrated that the ecological condition of Lake Lisi changes significantly according to seasonal variations. During the summer period, a decrease in dissolved oxygen and an increase in mineralization, BOD₅, COD, sulfates, phosphates, and petroleum products were observed, indicating increased organic and anthropogenic loading. Microbiological analyses revealed a significant increase in coliform bacteria and E. coli, particularly during summer and autumn.
The reed-marsh zone was identified as ecologically more vulnerable due to weak water circulation, accumulation of organic matter, and intensification of anaerobic processes. According to the recommendations of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD), the calculated pollution index indicated a high ecological risk in both study areas.
The obtained results emphasize the necessity of continuous ecological monitoring of Lake Lisi, control of recreational pressure, and implementation of effective ecological management measures for the shoreline and marshy zones.
References
M. Mamulashvili, I. Gogiberidze. Research on the Hydrobiochemical State of Lake Lisi Water. Slovak International Scientific Journal №105, 2026 (1), pp. 4–7. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19044039
Law of Georgia on Water, 1997; Consolidated Version (Final), 30/06/2023.
Law of Georgia on Environmental Protection, 1997; Consolidated Version, 02/03/2021.
Technical Regulation on Protection of Surface Waters from Pollution, Government Resolution of Georgia No. 425, December 31, 2013, Tbilisi. Consolidated Version, 10/01/2014.
George Bibileishvili, Manana Mamulashvili, Elene Kakabadze, Liana Ebanoidze, Nona Butkhuzi, Ia Gogiberidze. Microbiological Analysis of Wastewater, Fruit Juices, Determination of Microbial Sizes, Diagnostics and Filtration of Microorganisms. Georgian Scientists, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2025, pp. 440–443.
International practice: European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD), which serves as the basis for Georgia’s new reforms.